寒地农村住宅建筑蓄能方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 23:40

本文选题：寒地农村住宅 + 建筑蓄能　；参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球经济的发展,对化石能源的过度利用,全球环境破环日益严重。空调的大量应用带来全球温室效应,而全球温室效应使各地自然灾害增多。在当今社会,能源成为制约一个国家经济发展的重要因素,甚至全球的局部战争几乎都与能源有着重要的联系。化石能源作为天然能源,是不可再生的,一旦能源枯竭,会影响到全球的安全格局。我国作为经济高速发展的发展中国家,能源对中国来说,情况会更为严重。我国城镇化水平不断推进,建筑市场始终不能满足人们对住房的需求,而城市中大量钢筋混凝土丛林,需消耗大量的能源才能建成,在建筑使用阶段,还需采暖、空调降温,建筑终生都要消耗能源,所以建筑节能成为我国一项长期的不能停滞的艰巨任务。在我国广大寒地农村住宅中,以东北地区农村为代表,采暖周期长、能源消耗大而效率低下、室内热舒适度差。究其原因,是建筑的蓄能效果差,房屋热惰性小。为了改变这一现状,本文在总结吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,结合辽宁地区农村的实际情况,寻求农村住宅的蓄能方法。从蓄能的适宜能源来看,寒地农村有两种能量来源,一是太阳能,一是采暖热源,因此本文从低技术的角度研究这两种能源的蓄能方法。太阳能的蓄能,研究了直接受益式、集热蓄热墙式、附加阳光间式、闷晒水袋屋顶蓄能方法、集热蓄热分离的坡屋顶太阳能热空气蓄能方法,并分析了各种方式的适宜性；采暖热源蓄能方面,着重于研究通过蓄能的方法提高能源利用效率,提出了卵石火炕和燃池卵石炕蓄能的方法。本文还提出利用空心砌块填土蓄能的建筑构件蓄能一体化的方法,并将其结合上述各种方法进行了样板房设计,研究了混合蓄能方法,并模拟了其节能效果。研究表明设计合理的蓄能住宅可实现建筑节能60%左右,因此,建筑蓄能技术在寒地农村大有应用前景。目前国内对寒地农村住宅的节能设计研究,大都限于对既有采暖和空调状况下的保温技术研究,即从减少室内热量(冷量)散失的角度进行研究,鲜有从建筑学的角度研究如何利用建筑构件组合,增加建筑的热容以蓄热(冷)-蓄能,因此,本文力图在低技术条件下,提出寒地农村住宅的建筑蓄能方法,这种方法是首先是经济的,在农村能够推广。而其中用到的乡土建筑材料是绿色环保低碳材料,因而这些研究方法是生态建筑的研究方法,也正是本人读研的研究方向。希望以下研究对我国寒地农村住宅的节能做出贡献,为在冬季中的寒地农民带来温暖,也希望此项研究技术为后人的研究之路铺一块石子。
[Abstract]:With the development of the global economy and the over-utilization of fossil energy, the global environment is becoming more and more serious. The massive use of air conditioning has brought Greenhouse Effect around the world, while Greenhouse Effect around the world has caused an increase in natural disasters. In today's society, energy has become an important factor restricting the economic development of a country, and even the global local war almost has an important relationship with energy. Fossil energy, as a natural energy, is non-renewable. Once energy is exhausted, it will affect the global security pattern. As a developing country with rapid economic development, energy will be more serious to China. With the development of urbanization in our country, the construction market can not satisfy people's demand for housing. However, a large number of reinforced concrete jungles in cities need to consume a great deal of energy to be built. In the stage of building use, heating and cooling of air conditioning are needed. Building energy consumption for life, so building energy conservation has become a long-term difficult task can not stop. In the vast cold rural residence in our country, the rural area of Northeast China is the representative, the heating cycle is long, the energy consumption is large and the efficiency is low, and the indoor thermal comfort is poor. The reason is that the energy storage effect of buildings is poor, and the thermal inertia of buildings is small. In order to change this situation, this paper, on the basis of summing up and absorbing the domestic and foreign research results, combined with the actual situation of the rural areas in Liaoning, seeks the method of energy storage in rural housing. From the point of view of the suitable energy source of energy storage, there are two kinds of energy sources in the cold rural areas, one is solar energy, the other is heating heat source, so this paper studies the energy storage methods of these two kinds of energy from the angle of low technology. The methods of solar energy storage, such as direct beneficial type, heat collecting and storing wall type, additional sunlight type, stuffy water bag roof energy storage method and slope roof thermal air energy storage method with separate heat collection and heat storage, are studied, and the suitability of various methods is analyzed. In the aspect of heating heat source energy storage, the energy utilization efficiency is improved by energy storage method, and the methods of cobble fire Kang and combustion pool cobble Kang are put forward. This paper also puts forward a method of integrating the energy storage of building components with hollow block fill, and designs the model house by combining the above methods, studies the hybrid energy storage method, and simulates its energy saving effect. The research shows that the energy saving of buildings can be achieved by 60% with reasonable design of energy storage residence. Therefore, building energy storage technology has great application prospects in cold rural areas. At present, the research on energy-saving design of residential buildings in cold rural areas is mostly limited to the research of thermal insulation technology under the condition of existing heating and air conditioning, that is, from the angle of reducing the loss of indoor heat (cooling capacity). From the architectural point of view, it is rarely studied how to use the combination of building components to increase the heat capacity of the building to store heat. Therefore, this paper tries to put forward the method of building energy storage in the cold rural housing under the low technical conditions. This method is economic in the first place and can be popularized in rural areas. The local building materials are green and low carbon materials, so these research methods are the research methods of ecological architecture, which is the research direction of my graduate school. It is hoped that the following research will contribute to the energy saving of rural residential buildings in cold regions in our country and bring warmth to the farmers in cold regions in winter. It is also hoped that this research technology will pave a stone for the future research.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241.5;TU201.5

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