基于生态足迹理论的长株潭城市群核心区生态安全研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 01:09

本文选题：生态足迹 + 能源生态足迹　；参考：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：快速的城镇化引起原本的自然生态系统逐渐被人工环境所替代，区域生态安全要求在城镇化过程中，确保生态环境不受威胁的基础上，生态资源能够为区域资源利用和可持续发展提供生态保障。城市群作为中国城镇化发展的主体形态，其生态环境的质量将直接影响区域与国家的生态环境安全。生态足迹模型是由学者William和Wackernagel于20世纪90年代提出的基于生物物理量的、可用于评价可持续发展程度的研究方法。该模型不仅考虑了生命支持系统的循环与生物多样性保护等方面，同时还考虑了净化能力和自然资源的再生与替代能力，具有直观且具有区域可比性，因此，是实现对区域生态安全度量的一个重要标准。本文以长株潭城市群核心区为研究对象，以长株潭地区的各项统计数据和遥感数据为基础数据来源，提取长株潭城市群核心区2000-2009年的土地利用数据和边界矢量数据，运用生态足迹模型和GIS、RS空间技术分别测算了长株潭城市群核心区从2000年到2009年区域生态足迹、能源生态足迹和生态足迹压力指数的动态性变化，探讨城市群形态和社会经济指标对区域生态占用、能源生态占用、生态压力指数的影响机制，并在此基础上，将生态足迹的理念应用于城市群区域生态规划中，为我国城市群可持续发展，实现区域生态平衡提供研究途径和规划策略。首先，本文通过运用GIS和RS技术的时空分析功能，对长株潭城市群的土地利用特点、用地结构及空间分析、数量结构多样性协调与土地利用效率等方面对长株潭城市群核心区土地利用现状和用地特征进行分析。其次，通过生态足迹模型对2000-2009年间研究区的生态足迹、能源生态足迹和生态压力指数的变化和生态安全情况进行测度分析，以分析研究十年间城市群区域的生态安全状况。接着，选取与生态足迹和生态安全有关的社会经济水平指标与城市群形态指标，分析其影响长株潭城市群生态足迹、能源生态足迹、生态压力指数的主要驱动因素，探讨城市群形态、社会经济指标与生态足迹、生态能源足迹、生态压力指数之间的关系，多方面考虑影响区域生态安全的因素，以期对长株潭城市群核心区生态安全驱动机制做出合理的分析。最后，将生态足迹理念运用于城市群区域生态规划中，提出将生态足迹运用于改善生态安全状况、提高生态安全等级的规划过程，以期实现对城市群区域生态安全可持续性评价方法的优化和发展。以下是本文的基本结论：（1）长株潭城市群核心区建设用地与农用地之间演替迅速，区域内土地利用结构演替速度加快。长株潭城市群核心区三大城市2004-2006年间的城市用地扩展系数均在临界值1.12之内，三个城市土地扩展基本处于集聚紧凑发展的状态。土地利用效率总体水平较低，内部潜力大；区域间土地集约利用发展水平存在不均衡性；土地利用经济效率不高成为制约长株潭城市群土地集约利用的突出因素。（2）长株潭城市群核心区土地综合承载力呈现出较为明显的空间差异性，区域综合土地承载力评分为0.6661，其中湘潭土地综合承载力最高为0.7499，最低的是株洲为0.5819，级差为0.1681。在土地综合承载力模型的四个子系统（经济系统、社会人文系统、水土资源系统、生态环境效率）中，长株潭城市群的生态环境系统和经济系统的波动性较大，水土资源保护和生态环境建设成效对于长株潭城市群土地综合承载力的动态性变化具有决定性的影响效应，而城市群区域城市间土地利用的外部经济性和社会人文建设效率差异都较大。（3）长株潭城市群核心区2000-2009年间人均生态足迹和能源生态足迹均呈增长趋势，2000年生态足迹为1.4426hm2/人，而2009年则达到了1.7773hm2/人，增长了1.23倍，生态足迹增长迅速。从2006年开始生态足迹、能源生态足迹的增速减缓，人类生产生活对于生态资源的占用正处于增速减缓的趋势当中。然而，长株潭城市群核心区2000-2009年十年来的生态压力指数增长率为4.7%，增幅较大，近年来区域生态压力指数增速减缓，但生态安全指数较大，区域生态安全状况依然较为严峻。（4）长株潭城市群核心区生态足迹与人口密度、社会经济指标间具有极显著的正相关性，其中人口密度与能源生态足迹的相关性达到0.873，显著性为0.002，人口密度和伸延率也显著相关，相关性为0.675，，形状率和紧凑度与生态足迹相关性不显著但成负相关；伸延率与生态足迹之间表现出显著的正相关性，在选取的测度指标中与生态足迹的相关性最大，为0.841；紧凑度和形状率与人口密度、各社会经济指标之间不存在显著的相关性。这表明城市群空间形态不够紧凑，或者简单的提高城市密度和人口密度会引起生态占用的增加，城市群空间形态适度的紧凑发展模式才能实现区域的可持续性发展。（5）生态足迹模型是当前测量和比较区域可持续发展状态的、直观且综合的指标。本文将生态足迹分析运用到城市群生态规划当中，设计了从城市群生态现状分析，确定城市群生态足迹目标到区域各类型用地控制和构建城市群生态安全保障的城市群生态规划过程，并提出了长株潭城市群提高生态环境可持续发展政策和策略。
[Abstract]:The ecological footprint model is the main form of the development of urbanization in China . The ecological footprint model is based on the statistical data and remote sensing data in Changsha .

First , through the use of space - time analysis function of GIS and RS technology , this paper analyzes the land use situation and land use characteristics of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group in the aspects of land use characteristics , land structure and spatial analysis , quantity structure diversity coordination and land use efficiency .

Secondly , through the ecological footprint model , the ecological footprint , energy ecological footprint and ecological pressure index of the research area in 2000 - 2009 were measured and analyzed to analyze the ecological security situation of the urban agglomerations in the past ten years .

Then , the main driving factors of the ecological footprint , energy ecological footprint and ecological pressure index of the urban agglomerations were analyzed . The relationship between the urban cluster configuration , the social economic index and the ecological footprint , the ecological energy footprint and the ecological pressure index were discussed .

Finally , the ecological footprint concept is applied to the regional ecological planning of the urban agglomerations , and the ecological footprint is applied to improve the ecological security situation and improve the planning process of the ecological security level , so as to realize the optimization and development of the evaluation method of the ecological safety sustainability of the urban agglomerations .

The following is the basic conclusion of this article :

( 1 ) There is a rapid succession between the construction land and the agricultural land in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group . The land use structure succession in the region is accelerated . The urban land expansion coefficient between the three major cities in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group is within the critical value of 1.12 , and the three urban land expansion is basically in the state of compact development . The overall level of land use efficiency is low and the internal potential is large ;
There is an imbalance in the development level of regional land intensive utilization ;
Land - use economic efficiency is not high , it is a prominent factor that restricts the intensive utilization of the long - Zhuzhou - Tan urban group .

( 2 ) In the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group , the comprehensive bearing capacity of the urban agglomerations is 0.6661 , with the highest comprehensive bearing capacity of 0.7499 , the lowest is 0.5819 , and the level difference is 0.1681 . In the four sub - systems ( economic system , social humanities system , water and soil resource system , ecological environment efficiency ) of the comprehensive bearing capacity model of the land , the ecological environment system and the economic system have a decisive effect on the dynamic change of the comprehensive bearing capacity of the long - Zhuzhou - Tan city group .

( 3 ) The ecological footprint and energy ecological footprint per capita in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group increased by 1.4426hm2 per person in 2000 - 2009 and 1.7773 hm2 per person in 2000 , and the ecological footprint increased rapidly .

( 4 ) There was a significant positive correlation between the ecological footprint and population density and socio - economic indicators in the core area of Changsha - Zhuzhou - Tan city group , among which the correlation between population density and energy ecological footprint was 0.873 , the significance was 0.002 , the population density and extension rate were significantly correlated , the correlation was 0.675 , the shape rate and compactness were not significantly correlated with the ecological footprint ;
There is a significant positive correlation between the extension rate and the ecological footprint , and the correlation between the selected measure index and the ecological footprint is the largest , which is 0.841 ;
There is no significant correlation between the compactness and the shape rate and the population density , and there is no significant correlation between the social and economic indexes . This indicates that the spatial shape of the urban group is not compact enough , or the simple improvement of the urban density and population density can lead to the increase of ecological occupation , and the compact development mode of the urban cluster space form can realize the sustainable development of the region .

( 5 ) The ecological footprint model is an intuitive and comprehensive index of the sustainable development status of the current measurement and comparison region . In this paper , the ecological footprint analysis is applied to the urban group ecological planning , and the ecological planning process of the urban group is designed based on the analysis of the ecological status of the urban agglomerations .

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.115;X321

【参考文献】