基于人群模拟的医院住院部疏散安全研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 05:35

本文选题：医院住院部安全 + 人员疏散　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的城镇化建设进程从改革开发到如今迈入“十二五”时期，以北、上、广为代表的大型城市从人口、经济活动的规模到城市基础设施的现代化建设都取得了显著的成绩。但是成绩取得的背后，我国城镇化进程中的也产生了很多不容忽视的变化和问题。在外来新奇思潮以及政绩支配审美的混乱风气影响下，西方建筑师为主导的摩天大楼改变了我国新兴城市的天际线，现代结构与建构技术的发展更加催生了各种超规、超限建筑的风靡。这种背景下的勘察设计工作更应当加强处理好安全相关的问题与工作，保障建筑建设以及使用过程中的人员安全问题。以医院建筑为代表的城市基础设施，在设计建造过程中尤其应当注意保障人员在应对火灾、地震等突发状况中的安全撤离，努力借鉴欧美先进国家在城市化进程中的先进经验与相关专业的科研成果，丰富我勘察设计从业者处理安全问题的经验与措施。具体而言，医院建筑的设计工作目前主要依赖于行业规范主导的经验式“处方”设计，“处方式”方法无法在医院规模大型化、高层化发展趋势下，保障人员安全疏散的需求。本文以医院住院部的人员疏散过程作为研究对象，通过运用安全工程学科在的人群疏散研究领域的研究成果——计算机模拟人群疏散的仿真技术，进行住院部情景下的的疏散模拟与研究工作。通过观察分析影响疏散过程的影响因素，并将影响因素分为主客体两个方面分别进行进行量化的模拟实验以确定其影响作用的大小和规律。最后基于这些影响因素的研究结果，提出了解决问题的设计策略，并对研究结果的使用范围加以明确。论文以跨学科的研究方式，，通过实地调研数据采集结合实验数据分析对所关注的问题进行了量化的分析研究，同时揭示人员疏散系统作为一个复杂具系统的复杂性和不确定性，提出以性能化设计与处方式设计相结合的方式解决具体人员疏散问题。本文的研究过程按照提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的逻辑顺序展开。整个研究过程以跨学科的方法运用为亮点，规避了目前医院建筑设计理论研究中以主观理论分析为主，缺少客观实验依据的不足。既丰富了医院建筑安全理论方面的研究，也基此期待能够为更多建筑设计理论领域的课题研究工作提供除心理学、行为学、现象学等等之外更多的研究方法与策略。文章最后一章的最后一节提出了开展进一步研究的方向与领域，希望能够抛砖引玉，为相关研究提供基础。
[Abstract]:China's urbanization construction process from reform and development to now into the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, north, on the large cities, widely represented from the population, the scale of economic activities to the modernization of urban infrastructure has achieved remarkable results. But behind the achievements, China's urbanization process has also produced a lot of changes and problems that can not be ignored. Under the influence of the exotic trend of thought and the chaotic atmosphere of political achievements dominating the aesthetic, the skyscrapers dominated by western architects changed the skyline of the new cities in our country, and the development of modern structure and construction technology gave birth to various kinds of overrules. The popularity of overrun buildings. In this context, the investigation and design work should be strengthened to deal with the safety related problems and work, to ensure the building construction and personnel safety in the process of use. In the process of design and construction of urban infrastructure represented by hospital buildings, special attention should be paid to ensuring the safe evacuation of personnel in emergency situations such as fire, earthquake, etc. This paper tries to draw lessons from the advanced experience of advanced countries in Europe and the United States in the process of urbanization and the scientific research achievements of related specialties to enrich the experiences and measures of our survey and design practitioners in dealing with safety problems. Specifically, the design of hospital buildings mainly depends on the empirical "prescription" design, which is dominated by industry norms, and the method of "place way" cannot guarantee the demand of personnel safety evacuation under the trend of large-scale hospital scale and high-level development. This paper takes the evacuation process of hospital inpatient department as the research object, through the use of safety engineering in the field of crowd evacuation research results-computer simulation of crowd evacuation simulation technology, Carry on the evacuation simulation and research work under the scene of the hospital department. By observing and analyzing the influencing factors of evacuation process, the influencing factors are divided into two aspects: subject and object, and the quantitative simulation experiments are carried out to determine the size and law of the effect. Finally, based on the research results of these influencing factors, the design strategy of solving the problem is put forward, and the scope of application of the research results is clarified. In this paper, by means of interdisciplinary research, the problems concerned are analyzed quantitatively through field investigation data collection and experimental data analysis. At the same time, the complexity and uncertainty of evacuation system as a complex system are revealed. The problem of evacuation is solved by the combination of performance design and location design. The research process of this paper is based on the logical sequence of problem-analysis and problem-solving. The whole research process takes the interdisciplinary method as the bright spot, circumventing the deficiency of the subjective theory analysis in the hospital architectural design theory research at present, which lacks the objective experimental basis. It not only enriches the research of hospital building safety theory, but also provides more research methods and strategies besides psychology, behavior, phenomenology and so on. The last section of the last chapter of the article puts forward the direction and field of further research, hoping to offer the basis for the related research.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU246.1;TU998.1

【引证文献】