不同气候区墙体外保温的生命周期评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 01:07

本文选题：生命周期评价 + 经济性分析　；参考：《华中科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以生命周期评价方法为基础，以全生命周期的能源和环境排放计算模型为框架，分析墙体外保温在其生命周期内的能源消耗和环境排放。并以办公建筑为研究对象，以哈尔滨、兰州、武汉、昆明和广州地区作为我国严寒地区、寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区、温和地区和夏热冬暖地区的代表城市，在Energy Plus的能耗计算平台下分别对不同气候区的墙体传热负荷进行模拟计算，以简单墙体的传热能耗为参考基准，探讨各气候区分别采用玻璃棉和聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板做外保温材料的墙体的节能情况，从而结合墙体外保温的生命周期评价结果，以建筑墙体外保温的使用寿命为期限，分析办公建筑墙体采用两种保温材料在不同的外保温厚度、不同的墙体朝向时的节能减排效果。同时结合经济性分析的方法，从墙体外保温的全生命周期的经济投资角度出发，以经济成本回收年的概念来判断墙体外保温的建设投资是否可以通过墙体外保温的节能效益在墙体外保温的使用寿命内得到有效的回收。研究结果表明，各地区采用墙体外保温措施都可以有效的降低墙体传热能耗。不过，从全生命周期的角度出发，考虑墙体外保温本身的能源消耗和环境排放，当建筑墙体外保温使用寿命为20年时，哈尔滨、兰州、武汉地区采用墙体外保温的节能减排效果很好；广州地区可以实现节能目标，但只有在外保温厚度为80mm时，才能实现低排放；昆明地区采用墙体外保温在勉强实现节能的同时，会增加环境排放。从墙体外保温的全生命周期的经济性分析的角度来看，哈尔滨、兰州、武汉地区的回收期限都在10年以内，经济可行；广州地区在保温层厚度为80mm时，尽管回收期较长，但回收期也在20年以内，因此也是基本经济可行的，昆明地区采用外保温会造成资金浪费；相比玻璃棉而言，采用EPS外保温的回收期较长，对于广州地区的影响较大。因此，在严寒、寒冷及夏热冬冷地区做墙体外保温不但可以节约成本，，还实现了节能减排，是一项促进环境可持续发展的有效工作，温和地区采用外保温并不明智，夏热冬暖地区需要综合考虑多方面因素，选择合理的外保温方式。对两种保温材料的生命周期评价研究发现，EPS材料的整体环境影响要优于玻璃棉，只是这种材料的环境排放较大，对全球变暖的影响较明显，成本也较高，但由于其质量轻、热阻大、易于生产等特点，依然是目前市场上使用较普遍的一种保温材料。
[Abstract]:Based on the life cycle evaluation method and the calculation model of energy and environment emission in the whole life cycle, this paper analyzes the energy consumption and environmental emission of the wall outer insulation in its life cycle. Taking the office buildings as the research object, Harbin, Lanzhou, Wuhan, Kunming and Guangzhou are regarded as the representative cities of our country in cold, hot summer and cold winter areas, mild areas and hot summer and warm winter areas. The heat transfer load of the wall in different climate regions is simulated on the platform of Energy Plus, and the heat transfer energy consumption of the simple wall is taken as the reference standard. This paper probes into the energy saving situation of the wall with glass cotton and polystyrene foam plastic board as the external insulation material in each climatic area, thus combining with the life cycle evaluation result of the external insulation of the wall, taking the service life of the external insulation of the building wall as the time limit, This paper analyzes the effect of energy saving and emission reduction when two kinds of insulation materials are used in office building wall with different external insulation thickness and different wall orientation. At the same time, with the method of economic analysis, from the point of view of economic investment in the whole life cycle of external wall insulation, The concept of economic cost recovery year is used to determine whether the construction investment of external wall insulation can be effectively recovered through the energy saving benefit of external wall insulation within the service life of external wall insulation. The results show that the heat transfer energy consumption of the wall can be effectively reduced by adopting the external wall insulation measures in all regions. However, from the point of view of the whole life cycle, considering the energy consumption and environmental emissions of the external wall insulation itself, when the service life of the building wall external insulation is 20 years, Harbin, Lanzhou, The energy saving and emission reduction effect of the outside wall insulation in Wuhan area is very good; the energy saving target can be achieved in Guangzhou area, but only when the external insulation thickness is 80mm, the low emission can be realized; the outside wall heat preservation in Kunming area is barely energy saving at the same time, Will increase environmental emissions. From the point of view of the economic analysis of the whole life cycle of heat preservation outside the wall, the recovery period in Harbin, Lanzhou and Wuhan is within 10 years, which is economically feasible. When the thickness of insulation layer in Guangzhou is 80mm, although the payback period is longer, However, the payback period is within 20 years, so it is also economic and feasible. In Kunming area, external insulation will cause waste of funds. Compared with glass cotton, the payback period of adopting EPS external insulation is longer, which has a greater impact on Guangzhou area. Therefore, in cold, cold and hot summer and cold winter areas, it can not only save the cost, but also achieve energy saving and emission reduction. It is an effective work to promote the sustainable development of the environment. It is not wise to use external heat preservation in mild areas. In hot summer and warm winter area, many factors should be taken into account, and reasonable external insulation should be chosen. The overall environmental impact of EPS is better than that of glass-cotton, but the environmental emission of EPS is larger, the effect on global warming is more obvious and the cost is higher, but the quality of EPS is light. Thermal resistance, easy to produce and other characteristics, is still widely used in the market insulation materials.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.41

【参考文献】