“造屋”与“造物”： 制造业视野下的建造过程研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 12:34

  本文选题：建造 + 制造业　； 参考：《清华大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：在现代工业制造业大量渗透国内建筑业的今天，建筑师传统的知识体系与实践经验已经不足以覆盖建造的全过程，传统的建筑学缺乏与制造业知识体系的衔接，缺乏与其他工程学科的协同能力；另一方面，国内制造业面临结构调整和市场萎缩的双重压力，工程学科的专门人才也缺乏对建造过程的宏观理解。本文以制造业的视角看待建筑的建造过程，探讨建筑业与制造业的关系，最终落脚点在二者的协同发展。其历史过程的时空广度不局限于“建筑业”或“制造业”的范畴，笔者将其抽象为两个“过程”的概念：“造屋”与“造物”。 本文对建造过程的研究分为因素、系统与案例三部分，从三个层次阐释建造过程的哲学本质以及“造屋”与“造物”的协同关系，主要围绕以下问题展开：建造过程的内涵是什么，受到哪些因素的制约？建造过程的系统如何架构，并实现相应的功能，为建筑的目标服务？建造过程如何借鉴历史和国外案例，整合并带动下游制造业产业链，在中国当前国情下提升建筑的品质？围绕这些基本问题，，本文通过批判的形而上学、系统论与技术史论的研究方法进行论述。 上篇应用批判的形而上学方法，论述输入、输出、控制、机制等因素的历史演变，以及这些因素与“造屋”与“造物”的主体——人的基本需求、劳动过程的附加价值、审美观念等方面的关系。中篇根据系统理论建立建造过程的系统架构，通过类比人对物的实体改造手段、人与人的信息交流方式建立两个概念：实体系统与信息系统。下篇利用技术史论方法，从“造屋”与“造物”协同关系的角度，重溯建筑历史中一些关键案例的技术过程，重新给予历史内容以合理的分析评价；并且将这些分析方法尝试应用于中国当前的国情，以期为现实中的建筑业、建筑师和建筑学提供与制造业协同发展的建议。 本文的研究成果主要体现在三个层次：首先，基于系统理论，本文建立了建造过程中的实体系统与信息系统框架的理论内核，提出系统建构是人超越于机器的协同能力。其次，通过对建造过程中人的劳动进行价值批判，本文说明建造过程的本质是人工对自然材料附加价值的提升，提出知识建构是人在建造过程中的核心价值。本文提出建筑技术科学在建筑学本身以及与其他工程学科对接中的“桥梁作用”，最终落脚点在于建筑业与制造业协同发展，对建筑学科当前所面临的工程品质问题现状具有针对性的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, when modern industrial manufacturing industry permeates the domestic construction industry, the traditional knowledge system and practical experience of architects are no longer sufficient to cover the whole process of construction, and the traditional architecture lacks the connection with the knowledge system of manufacturing industry. On the other hand, the domestic manufacturing industry is faced with the double pressure of structural adjustment and market contraction, and the specialists of engineering discipline lack the macroscopic understanding of the construction process. This paper looks at the construction process of architecture from the perspective of manufacturing, probes into the relationship between construction and manufacturing, and finally ends with the coordinated development of the two. The space-time breadth of its historical process is not limited to the category of "construction industry" or "manufacturing industry". The author abstracts it into two concepts: "building house" and "creation". The study of the construction process is divided into three parts: factor, system and case. It explains the philosophical essence of the construction process and the synergistic relationship between "building house" and "creation" from three levels. Mainly around the following questions: what is the connotation of the construction process, and by what factors? How does the system of the construction process structure and realize the corresponding function to serve the goal of the building? How can the construction process draw lessons from history and foreign cases, integrate and drive the downstream manufacturing industry chain, and improve the quality of construction under the current situation of China? Around these basic problems, this paper discusses the research methods of critical metaphysics, system theory and technology history theory. The first part applies the critical metaphysical method to discuss the historical evolution of the factors such as input, output, control, mechanism, and so on, as well as the basic needs of human beings and the added value of the labor process, as well as the basic needs of the subjects of "building houses" and "creation". The relationship between aesthetic concepts and other aspects. In the second part, the system framework of the construction process is established according to the system theory, and two concepts are established by analogy to the means of entity transformation of objects and the way of information exchange between people: entity system and information system. In the second part, from the point of view of the synergetic relationship between "building house" and "creation", the author retraces the technical process of some key cases in the history of architecture and gives the historical contents reasonable analysis and evaluation by using the method of technology history theory. This paper tries to apply these analytical methods to the current situation of China, in order to provide suggestions for the development of construction, architect and architecture in reality in coordination with the manufacturing industry. The research results of this paper are mainly reflected in three levels: firstly, based on the system theory, this paper establishes the theoretical kernel of the physical system and information system framework in the process of construction, and proposes that the system construction is the cooperative ability of man to surpass the machine. Secondly, by criticizing the value of human labor in the process of construction, this paper explains that the essence of the construction process is the enhancement of the value added by man to natural materials, and points out that the construction of knowledge is the core value of man in the process of construction. This paper puts forward the "bridge function" of architectural technology science in architecture itself and with other engineering disciplines. The ultimate goal lies in the coordinated development of construction industry and manufacturing industry. It is of practical significance to the present situation of engineering quality problems faced by architectural discipline.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU74

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