被动式节能住宅技术分析研究及案例

发布时间：2018-05-19 13:11

本文选题：被动式房屋 + 节能　；参考：《天津大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来，社会经济不断的迅速发展，科技水平得到不同程度的提高，人们物质生活得到了明显的改善，但在逐渐地摆脱解决温饱问题的时候，却不断地面临着自然环境恶化的严峻挑战。人与自然和谐、可持续发展已经成为人类发展的必然途径和目标。在当今世界的建筑行业中，节能建筑提供了绿色、环保地解决方案。被动式住宅作为节能建筑的一种形式，以极低的能耗投入来提供和维持建筑居住的舒适度。其概念由来已久，成熟的建筑技术在德国等西方发达国家广泛应用，收到了良好的使用效果。2012年，我国新开工建筑达到50亿平方米，住宅建筑接近40亿平方米，被动式住宅在我国有着广大的发展前景。本文先阐述了被动式住宅的概念、被动式住宅的构造设计及被动式住宅技术设计的原则、被动式住宅舒适度的评价，，并分析了我国当前节能住宅建造的宏观环境，从政策、法规、行政管理依据，到具体节能建筑的资金筹措以及建筑节能设计的现状、建筑节能质量控制方法等方面内容。整理、分析了被动式住宅节能的技术手段，具体对建筑的外围护构造、建筑供热和制冷系统以及可再生能源的规模使用三个方面的技术和存在问题进行阐述和分析以及做了被动式住宅项目的重点说明，用图文并茂的形式叙述了建筑围护结构中的常规技术措施，从保温隔热层的性能、材料特性及施工到节能窗户、电气系统设计等方面的内容，对被动式住宅空调及新风系统的介绍、照明系统的技术节能作了说明和分析。在本文的最后，参照已有的节能住宅技术并结合河北省重点绿色建筑十佳设计项目的实际情况，对一个节能住宅实例“在水一方—C区被动房屋(中国住房和城乡建设部与德国能源署国际技术合作示范项目)”节能技术进行了设计施工图方面的技术分析，对施工后住宅节能的效果进行了测试和评估的数据分析研究。此案例经过建筑的材料、设计和施工工艺等技术创新，使建筑物不采用过多的主动供给能量的方法，实现节能宜居的效果。此建筑所应用的主要技术特点是：高保温性、高气密性、高舒适度；采用了分布式太阳能热水供应技术、室内低温辐射地板采暖及温控技术、生活污水处理回收技术、室外绿地绿化喷灌技术、室外铺装透水地面技术、施工环境综合控制技术等。被动式住宅在我国随起步较晚，但具有广阔的应用前景。被动式住宅的大面积推广及既有住宅的节能改造对减少不可再生能源的消耗及水资源的使用有明显的效果，势必对现有自然环境有积极而深远的影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the social economy has been developing rapidly, the level of science and technology has been improved to varying degrees, and the material life of people has been obviously improved, but gradually getting rid of the problem of food and clothing, However, it is constantly facing the severe challenge of deterioration of the natural environment. Harmony between man and nature, sustainable development has become the inevitable way and goal of human development. In today's world of construction, energy-efficient buildings provide green, environmentally friendly solutions. As a form of energy-saving buildings, passive housing provides and maintains the comfort of residential buildings with very low energy consumption. Its concept has a long history, mature building technology has been widely used in Germany and other western developed countries, and has received good results. In 2012, the number of newly started buildings in China reached 5 billion square meters, and the residential buildings were close to 4 billion square meters. Passive housing in China has a broad development prospects. This paper first expounds the concept of passive housing, the principle of construction design and technical design of passive housing, the evaluation of passive residential comfort, and analyzes the macro environment of energy-saving housing construction in China. Laws and regulations, administrative basis, the financing of specific energy-saving buildings, the status quo of building energy-saving design, building energy-saving quality control methods and so on. Sorting out and analyzing the technical means of saving energy in passive housing, the concrete construction of the outer enclosure of the building, Describing and analysing the technology and problems of building heating and refrigeration systems and the scale of use of renewable energy, as well as highlighting passive housing projects, In this paper, the conventional technical measures in building envelope structure are described in the form of illustrations, including the performance, material characteristics and construction of thermal insulation layer, energy saving windows, and the design of electrical system, etc. The introduction of passive air conditioning and fresh air system and the technical energy saving of lighting system are described and analyzed. At the end of this paper, referring to the existing energy-saving housing technology and combining with the actual situation of the ten best design projects of key green buildings in Hebei Province, In this paper, an example of energy-saving housing, "passive housing in Shuiquan-C area (demonstration project of international technical cooperation between the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of China and the German Energy Agency)", is analyzed in terms of design construction drawings. The test and evaluation of the energy-saving effect of residential buildings after construction are carried out. Through the technical innovation of building materials, design and construction technology, the building does not adopt excessive active energy supply method to realize the effect of energy saving and livability. The main technical features of this building are: high temperature preservation, high air tightness, high comfort, distributed solar hot water supply technology, indoor low temperature radiation floor heating and temperature control technology, domestic sewage treatment and recovery technology. Sprinkler irrigation technology for outdoor green space, water permeable surface technology for outdoor pavement, comprehensive control technology for construction environment, etc. Passive housing starts late in our country, but it has a broad application prospect. The extensive promotion of passive housing and the energy-saving transformation of existing residential buildings have obvious effects on reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy and the use of water resources, which is bound to have a positive and far-reaching impact on the existing natural environment.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241.91

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