明代夯土长城的城墙材料与构造——以大同镇段为例

发布时间：2018-05-24 09:54

本文选题：明大同镇 + 夯土长城　；参考：《东南大学学报(自然科学版)》2014年01期

【摘要】：为了深入了解夯土长城的材料和构造特征,在对现存明大同镇段长城这一典型夯土长城遗存进行实地考察的基础上,借鉴土力学的相关理论和方法,对城墙夯土材料的种类和存在方式进行了分类统计,并从基础做法、夯层厚度、夯层构造和铺设植物枝条做法等方面分析了城墙的构造特征,揭示出夯土长城在材料和构造方面的丰富性以及与环境的密切相关性.结果表明,明大同镇段夯土长城的城墙高度一般为6~10 m,墙面斜度一般为70°~80°,夯层厚度多为150~250 mm,夯土材料由细粒土、砂砾、碎石、块石和植物枝条组成,夯土材料中砂砾、碎石和块石的含量与地形和土壤环境有密切关系,证明取材方式为就近取土,夯层中砂砾、碎石和块石或铺砌或掺杂的多种构造方式反映了古人基于当地土质和实践经验对夯层构造的改良,少数案例显示了夯土中可能铺设了植物枝条作为连接筋,反映了古人的夯土技术成就.
[Abstract]:In order to deeply understand the material and structural characteristics of rammed soil the Great Wall, based on the field investigation of the Great Wall, a typical rammed soil the Great Wall remains in Ming Datong Town, the relevant theories and methods of soil mechanics are used for reference. The classification and statistics of rammed soil materials are made, and the structural characteristics of the rammed soil wall are analyzed from the following aspects: the basic method, the thickness of ramming layer, the construction of ramming layer and the practice of laying plant branches, etc. The richness of rammed soil the Great Wall in material and structure and its close relation with environment are revealed. The results show that the wall height of rammed soil the Great Wall is 610m, the slope of wall is 70 掳/ 80 掳, the thickness of ramming layer is 150mm, and the rammed soil material is composed of fine grained soil, gravel, rock and plant branches, and sand and gravel in rammed soil material. The content of gravel and block stone is closely related to the topography and soil environment. It is proved that the method of selecting material is the nearest soil, the sand and gravel in the tamping layer. The various structural patterns of gravel and stones or paving or mixing reflect the improvements made by the ancients in ramming structures based on local soil quality and practical experience, and a few cases show that plant branches may be laid in rammed soil as connecting tendons. Reflects the ancient tamping technology achievements.
【作者单位】：东南大学建筑学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51308100) 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20120092120004)
【分类号】：TU-092

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