夜间通风建筑热工设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 00:27

本文选题：夜间通风 + 理想建筑模型　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高，夏季空调能耗逐渐成为现代社会能源消耗的重点。与此同时，随着全球能源问题日趋紧张，被动式建筑降温技术逐渐成为业界关注的重点问题。夜间通风降温技术一方面可以很大程度的降低建筑制冷能耗，同时还可以改善室内空气质量，因此逐渐成为国内外研究的重要课题之一。但是，由于受到多方面的限制，在实际应用方面夜间通风降温技术并未普遍推广。因此，如何使夜间通风技术应用在建筑的初步设计阶段是目前夜间通风技术发展的重要方向，这也是本文的研究重点所在。本文以夜间通风的降温机理作为研究基础，建立夜间通风建筑热物理模型，通过对影响夜间通风多个相关参数分析，尤其是对建筑热工参数和通风参数进行分析并得出不同参数对夜间通风利用效果影响，通过现场实测研究对理论模型进行验证和修正；在此基础上，对影响夜间通风效果显著的主要参数进行提炼，以获取气象参数——建筑参数——降温效果的对应关系；最后，综合以上研究，提出一种应用相对简单的夜间通风建筑热工设计方法，为夜间通风降温技术在建筑设计初期阶段的应用提供指导性的设计方法，从而推动夜间通风降温技术更为广泛和有效的应用。本文的主要工作和研究结论如下：首先，对夜间通风降温的国内外研究进行了详细的总结，将针对夜间通风的研究划分为对外部环境的研究、对建筑自身性能的研究和对于使用环境的研究三个大类，分别对其进行了广泛的文献分析整理，并进行了体系化的归纳总结。其次，依据建筑传热基础理论提出了夜间通风理想建筑热物理模型，并利用数理方法对理想建筑夜间通风热物理模型进行了差分求解，，获得室内空气逐时温度和墙体内表面逐时温度的计算方法，引入延迟时间和衰减系数的概念，求解出室内空气温度随时间的变化规律。并提出以蓄热量（Mc m）作为建筑热工性能参数指标，对影响建筑夜间通风效果的参量进行系统分析。为了验证模型求解结果的准确性，在西安地区选取了一栋高层建筑进行了为期两周的实验测试。从14天的测试结果中选取气象条件最佳的2天，与模型计算结果进行对比，对比结果表明模型计算结果与实验测试结果在整体趋势上有较好的吻合。最后，在前述夜间通风理想建筑热物理模型的基础上，依据我国北方地区不同夜间通风降温气候适宜性，给出了一种夜间通风建筑的热工设计方法，并针对该方法的各个步骤给出了详细的阐述。该热工设计方法设计和计算步骤简单明了，计算结果较为清晰，可以对夜间通风建筑热环境有明确的对于和评价，对于建筑设计人员而言便于理解和应用。利用该方法，对夜间通风降温潜力的四个不同等级适宜区典型城市进行建筑热工设计计算，对各个城市采用夜间通风条件下的室内热舒适情况进行分析，并给出了几个城市想要实现全天热舒适所需要的蓄热量标准。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the energy consumption of air conditioning in summer has gradually become the focus of energy consumption in the modern society. At the same time, as the global energy problem is becoming increasingly tense, the cooling technology of passive building has gradually become the focus of the industry. Reducing the energy consumption of building refrigeration and improving indoor air quality, it has gradually become one of the most important research topics at home and abroad. However, because of many restrictions, the night ventilation cooling technology has not been popularized in practical applications. Therefore, how to apply the night ventilation technology to the preliminary design stage of the building is the goal. The important direction of the night ventilation technology development is also the focus of this paper.
In this paper, the thermal physical model of night ventilation building is established on the basis of the mechanism of night ventilation cooling. Through the analysis of the related parameters affecting night ventilation, especially the thermal parameters and ventilation parameters of the building, the effects of different parameters on the effect of night ventilation are obtained, and the theoretical model is studied through field measurement and study. On the basis of this, the main parameters which affect the effect of night ventilation are refined to obtain the corresponding relationship between the meteorological parameters - the building parameters - the cooling effect. Finally, a relatively simple application of the thermal design method for night ventilation is proposed, which is used for the night ventilation and cooling technology. In the initial stage of building design, it provides a guiding design method to promote more extensive and effective application of night ventilation and cooling technology.
The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:
First of all, a detailed summary of the domestic and foreign research on night ventilation is carried out. The research on night ventilation is divided into the study of the external environment, the research on the performance of the building and the study of the environment are three major categories, and the extensive literature and analysis are carried out, and the systematic summary is carried out.
Secondly, according to the theory of building heat transfer, the thermal physical model of ideal building for night ventilation is put forward, and the mathematical method is used to solve the thermal physical model of night ventilation in the ideal building. The calculation method of indoor air time by time temperature and the time by time temperature of the inner surface of the wall is obtained, and the concept of delay time and attenuation coefficient is introduced, and the solution is solved. The indoor air temperature changes with time, and the heat storage (Mc m) is used as the parameter index of the building thermal performance, and the parameters that affect the night ventilation effect of the building are systematically analyzed.
In order to verify the accuracy of the results of the model, a high-rise building was selected in Xi'an area for two weeks. The best weather conditions were selected for 2 days from 14 days, and the results were compared with the results of the model calculation. The results showed that the results of the model calculation and the experimental results were better in the overall trend. The anastomosis.
Finally, on the basis of the thermal physical model of the ideal building for night ventilation, a thermal design method for night ventilation is given in accordance with the climate suitability of different night ventilation and cooling in the north of China. The detailed description of the steps of this method is given in detail. The design and calculation steps of the thermal design method are simple and clear. The result of the calculation is clearer, and it can be used to understand and evaluate the thermal environment of the building in the night. It is easy to understand and apply to the building designers. Using this method, the thermal design calculation of the four different grades suitable for the cooling potential of the night ventilation is carried out, and the night ventilation conditions are adopted in each city. The indoor thermal comfort situation is analyzed, and the heat storage standards for several cities to achieve thermal comfort all day are given.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.4;TU834.3

【参考文献】