电梯安装及维修保养成本控制研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 21:12

本文选题：电梯安装 + 维修保养　；参考：《浙江大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随我国经济的快速发展和城镇化进程的不断深入,我国的电梯行业正经历着一个高速发展期。据中国电梯协会统计,到2011年,我国在电梯产量、电梯保有量、电梯增长率方面已超越美国,跃居世界第一位。中国已成为全球最大的电梯市场、最大的电梯制造基地、最大电梯拥有量的国家。随着电梯用量的增长,使用电梯的人数也随之增长,电梯的安全问题也日益为社会所关注。电梯的质量安全只有30%在于产品,70%在于安装和维修保养,安装和维修保养非常重要。目前,我国国内电梯生产行业的管理相当规范,已经与世界接轨,但是电梯安装和维修保养的成本控制水平和管理模式都远远落后于美、日等发达国家,尤其对于电梯安装项目、免保期内的维修保养的成本控制更缺乏科学有效的控制手段。因此,加强电梯企业在安装和维修保养方面的管理水平及提高成本控制能力,从而提高电梯安装企业核心竞争力,是一个亟须解决的课题。本文以某电梯工程公司的电梯安装及维修保养成本控制为研究对象,研究了电梯安装及维修保养成本控制方面的缺陷和成因,主要的研究内容为：首先针对电梯安装成本控制效果不理想的情况,通过分析在电梯安装成本控制过程中引起成本失控的原因,如：设计图纸与现场情况存在差异、施工现场突发事件较多、土建整改难度大、土建施工单位不积极配合等,提出了紧抓成本控制关键点的概念,本文运用了事前控制、紧抓关键点等成本控制方法,在保证按期完工的前提下,进行了有效的成本控制。其次,针对电梯在免保期内的维修保养成本控制水平较差的情况,本文通过分析电梯免保期内的各项成本因素和电梯维修保养的工作内容,测算了新梯维修保养的标准工时,对免保期的成本进行了量化计算,使免保期的维修保养成本得到了有效控制。最后,本文针对在电梯投标报价时,由于无法测算合同免保条款的维修保养成本导致无法准确测算合同的销售毛利,从而无法在保证最低毛利的前提下测算投标价格的实际问题,通过对合同条款中的免保期成本进行量化计算,解决了以前在投标决策时无法计算免保期成本的难题,使电梯销售毛利在投标决策阶段就得到了有效的控制。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the deepening of urbanization, the elevator industry in China is experiencing a period of rapid development. According to the statistics of China Elevator Association, by 2011, China has surpassed the United States in terms of elevator output, elevator ownership and elevator growth rate, ranking first in the world. China has become the world's largest elevator market, the largest elevator manufacturing base, the largest elevator ownership countries. With the increase of elevator consumption, the number of people using elevator also increases, and the safety of elevator is paid more and more attention by the society. Elevator quality and safety is only 30% in the product 70% in installation and maintenance, installation and maintenance is very important. At present, the management of elevator production industry in our country is quite standard and has been in line with the world, but the cost control level and management mode of elevator installation and maintenance are far behind those of the developed countries, such as the United States, Japan, etc. Especially for elevator installation project, the cost control of maintenance during the warranty period is lack of scientific and effective control means. Therefore, it is an urgent task to strengthen the management level of elevator enterprises in installation and maintenance and to improve the ability of cost control so as to improve the core competitiveness of elevator installation enterprises. This paper takes the cost control of elevator installation and maintenance of an elevator engineering company as the research object, and studies the defects and causes of the cost control of elevator installation and maintenance. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, aiming at the situation that the cost control effect of elevator installation is not ideal, the paper analyzes the causes of cost runaway in the process of elevator installation cost control, such as the difference between the design drawings and the field situation. In this paper, the concept of grasping the key points of cost control is put forward, and the methods of cost control such as prior control and grasping key points are used in this paper, because of the large number of unexpected incidents in the construction site, the difficulty of civil engineering rectification and the lack of active cooperation between civil construction units and so on. Effective cost control is carried out on the premise of ensuring completion on schedule. Secondly, aiming at the poor control level of elevator maintenance cost during the no-warranty period, this paper calculates the standard working hours of the new elevator maintenance by analyzing the cost factors and the contents of the elevator maintenance during the no-warranty period. The cost of no-warranty period is calculated quantitatively, so that the maintenance cost of no-warranty period can be effectively controlled. Finally, this article aims at the elevator bidding quotation, because cannot calculate the contract non-warranty clause repair and maintenance cost, therefore cannot accurately calculate the contract sales gross profit, Therefore, it is impossible to calculate the bidding price under the premise of ensuring minimum gross profit. Through the quantitative calculation of the cost of the no-warranty period in the contract terms, the problem that the cost of the no-warranty period could not be calculated in the bidding decision was solved. The elevator sales margin is effectively controlled in the bidding decision-making stage.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU857;TU723.3

【共引文献】