自然通风建筑不同楼层热与污染物的传输行为与特性

发布时间：2018-06-06 07:00

本文选题：高层建筑 + 自然通风　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市基础设施建设的加快和经济的快速发展,城市化进程加快。高密度的城市人口、建筑、工业和交通使城市气候严重破坏,导致严重的城市环境问题。频繁出现的城市极端高温事件、城市污染事件和突发性流行性疾病传播等环境问题严重威胁着城市居民的生活、工作和健康,如2003年的SARS、2006年的禽流感和2009年的H1N1流感等疾病的发生给城市居民带来了极大的安全隐患甚至是生命威胁,引起了人们对流行性疾病的恐慌和恐惧。高密度高层建筑作为城市发展的标志,周围的大气环境极其复杂,热与污染物能在不同建筑楼层之间进行交叉感染。研究热量与污染物在高层建筑中的传输行为与机理对于改善城市空气环境、控制热、污染物及疾病传输有非常重要的现实意义。本文用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值方法研究了由热压引起的自然通风条件下不同建筑楼层问热、气态污染物和颗粒物的传输行为,其中用颗粒物的传输表征了流行性疾病的空气传播。首先建立了两种不同开窗模式的多层建筑物理模型；然后计算了建筑室内外空气流动、温度及污染物浓度的分布特征；并讨论了不同开窗方式、热源和污染源的强度和污染源的物性参数等因素对传输特征的影响；最后得出了热量、气态污染物和颗粒物在不同楼层的跨层传输行为与特性。论文研究结果如下：(1)不同楼层之间流动相互影响,底层排出的热与污染物会进入到上层房间,引起上层房间的温度和污染物浓度较高；(2)不同的开窗方式对热与污染物的传输行为有重要影响,单侧双开口建筑楼层之间的相互影响较一个开口建筑更强,使上层房间更容易受到底层房间热源与污染源的影响。对于热与污染物的传输,分别有不同的传输特征：首先,对于热量传输,温度随着楼层的增加而升高；其次,对于污染物传输,污染源强度和热源强度有重要的影响,并且强度越大,流动越强,导致上层房间越容易受到底层污染物的影响；最后,对于颗粒物传输,流动强度和颗粒物粒径有重要的影响,流动越弱,上层房间内小粒径颗粒物数量越多,流动越强,则上层房间内粗颗粒物数量越多。论文研究表明,在热压引起的自然通风条件下,不同建筑楼层之间的空气流动导致了热与污染物的跨层传输,这对于建筑节能及控制疾病的传播具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of urban infrastructure construction and rapid economic development, the process of urbanization accelerated. High density of urban population, construction, industry and traffic cause severe damage to urban climate and serious urban environmental problems. Environmental problems such as frequent urban extreme high temperature events, urban pollution events and the spread of sudden epidemic diseases pose a serious threat to the life, work and health of urban residents. For example, the occurrence of SARS in 2003, avian flu in 2006 and H1N1 flu in 2009 have brought great safety risks and even life threats to urban residents, causing people to panic and fear epidemic diseases. High-density high-rise buildings as a symbol of urban development, the surrounding atmospheric environment is extremely complex, heat and pollutants can be cross-infection between different building floors. It is of great practical significance to study the transport behavior and mechanism of heat and pollutants in high-rise buildings for improving urban air environment, controlling heat, pollutant and disease transmission. In this paper, the transport behavior of heat, gaseous pollutants and particulate matter in different building floors under natural ventilation induced by hot pressing is studied by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical method. The airborne transmission of epidemic diseases is characterized by the transport of particulate matter. In this paper, two kinds of multi-story building physical models with different window opening modes are established, then the distribution characteristics of air flow, temperature and pollutant concentration inside and outside the building are calculated, and the different window opening methods are discussed. The effects of the intensity of heat source and pollution source and the physical parameters of pollution source on the transport characteristics are discussed. Finally, the transmembrane transport behavior and characteristics of heat, gaseous pollutants and particulates in different floors are obtained. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the flow between different floors affects each other, and the heat and pollutants emitted from the bottom will enter the upper room. The temperature and concentration of pollutants in the upper room are higher than that in the upper room. (2) different window opening methods have an important effect on the heat and pollutant transport behavior, and the interaction between the floors of the building with one side and two openings is stronger than that of the building with one opening. Make the upper room more vulnerable to the bottom room heat source and pollution sources. For heat and pollutant transport, there are different transport characteristics: first, for heat transfer, the temperature increases with the increase of floor; secondly, for pollutant transmission, pollution source intensity and heat source intensity have an important effect. And the higher the intensity, the stronger the flow, and the more vulnerable the upper room is to the bottom layer pollutants. Finally, for the transport of particles, the flow intensity and particle size have an important effect, the flow is weaker, The more small particle size and the stronger flow in upper room, the more coarse particles in upper room. The research shows that under the condition of natural ventilation caused by hot pressing, the air flow between different building floors leads to the cross-layer transmission of heat and pollutants, which is of great significance for building energy saving and disease control.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X51;TU834

【参考文献】