长沙市中心城区居民职住分离特征及其影响因素

发布时间：2018-06-07 12:35

本文选题：职住分离 + 职住平衡　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着中国社会的发展,在制度改革与市场转型的背景下,城市空间经历着向外扩张和内部重组的过程,市场化下居民的自主择业与择居,职住合一的格局逐渐瓦解,许多大城市都出现了职住分离。长沙作为中国中部的重要城市,经济发展迅速,城市空间呈圈层扩张。旧城旧房的改造,企事业单位的搬迁与郊区房地产的发展,职住格局不断演变,职住分离已经显现,随之而来的通勤时间与精神消耗的增加,交通拥堵与空气污染的加剧等影响了居民的生活质量,长距离的通勤更是对资源和时间的浪费,降低了城市生产效率,因此迫切需要加强对职住分离问题的研究。本文以城市地理学、行为地理学、城市社会学等理论为指导,以长沙市中心城区居民的职住空间特征、通勤时间和距离特征为研究对象,运用问卷调查、统计分析、空间分析等方法研究了现阶段长沙市中心城区居民的职住分离特征及其影响因素,并提出了促进职住平衡的对策。主要研究结论为： (1)长沙市中心城区的职住分离的特征表现为,从空间上来看,就业地和居住地存在明显的集聚分布,就业集聚区呈东多西少,北多南少,中心集聚,沿主干道轴向集聚的分布特征。居住集聚区呈东多西少,南多北少,外围多中心少的分布特征。职住空间在城市中心的外围存在错位,并且各个区居民的外出通勤率和外来通勤率几乎都高于区内通勤率,在整体上存在职住分离现象。从通勤时间和通勤距离来看,长沙市中心城区有一部分居民存在职住分离的现象,小部分居民存在较严重的职住分离,大部分居民的职住分离不明显。通勤距离和通勤时间在空间上都由城市中心向外围逐渐递增,从城市二环线开始越到外围,职住分离程度越重,城市中心职住较均衡,城市中心外围职住分离较严重。从个人社会属性来看,男性职住分离程度比女性重；职住分离程度随着年龄的增长而减轻；中等学历的人群职住分离相对较严重；家庭规模越大,职住分离程度越重。 (2)形成长沙市中心城区居民职住分离特征的主要因素从微观层面来看,居民的就业行为和居住行为是影响职住空间分布格局的直接因素,居民的收入则影响了居民选择居住环境的能力。城市空间结构的形成是历史演变的结果,用地布局和规划政策在宏观上决定了城市的职住空间格局,制度改革和市场转型使得居民自主的择居和择业,城市规模的扩大和交通的发展,都会对职住分离造成影响。 (3)促进职住平衡可以通过强化城市规划引导多中心、片区式、组团式的城市空间发展结构；通过加强混合土地利用来建设紧凑社区和紧凑城市；以就业集聚为主导在典型企业周围建设合适的住宅区或在大型居住区附近引导产业集聚来提高职住匹配程度；以“公交优先”为导向建立快速、大运量的公交系统和完善交通网络体系来提高通勤效率；完善城市公共服务设施并使其均衡分布更有利于促进职住平衡。
[Abstract]:With the development of Chinese society, in the background of system reform and market transformation, the urban space has experienced the process of outward expansion and internal restructuring. Under the market, the residents' independent job selection and choice of residence, the structure of job and residence integration gradually disintegrate, many big cities have appeared separation of employment and residence. Changsha is an important city in Central China, economic development. The urban space is expanding rapidly. The reconstruction of the old houses, the relocation of the enterprises and the enterprises and the development of the suburban real estate, the evolution of the employment and residence pattern, the separation of duty and residence have appeared, the attendant commuting time and the increase of mental consumption, the traffic congestion and the aggravation of air pollution have influenced the residents' quality of life and the long distance commuting. Furthermore, it is a waste of resources and time and reduces the efficiency of urban production. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the research on the separation of employment and residence. This paper, guided by the theory of urban geography, behavioral geography and urban sociology, takes the characteristics of the living space, the time and the distance of the commuters as the research object, and uses the questionnaire in the city of Changsha. Investigation, statistical analysis, spatial analysis and other methods are used to study the characteristics of the separation of residents in the city centre of Changsha and its influencing factors, and put forward the countermeasures to promote the balance of residence. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) the characteristics of separation of employment and residence in the downtown area of Changsha show that there is a clear distribution of employment and residence in space. The employment agglomeration area is characterized by a small number of East and West, a small number of North and south, the centralization of the center, and the distribution characteristics along the main main road. There is a dislocation in the periphery of the center of the city, and the rate of commuting and commuter in each district are almost all higher than the commuter rate in the district. There is a separation phenomenon on the whole. From the time of commuter and the commuter distance, there are some residents in the downtown of Changsha. There is a serious separation of job and residence. The separation of most of the residents is not obvious. The distance and time of commuter and commuter are gradually increasing from the city center to the outside, the more the urban two circle begins, the more the separation degree is more serious, the urban center is more balanced, the separation of the outside of the city center is more serious. From the personal society, the separation is more serious. In sex, the degree of separation between men and women is heavier than that of women; the degree of separation of Vocational and residence is lessened with the increase of age; the separation of Vocational and residential persons with secondary education is relatively serious; the larger the family size is, the greater the degree of separation is.
(2) from the micro level, the main factors that form the separation characteristics of residents in downtown Changsha are the direct factors affecting the distribution pattern of the residential space. The income of the residents affects the residents' ability to choose the living environment. The formation of the urban space structure is the result of historical evolution, and the land use cloth is used. The policy of bureau and planning determines the spatial pattern of the urban residence in the macroscopic view. The system reform and the market transformation make the residents choose their own choice of living and choosing, the expansion of the city scale and the development of the traffic, all of which will affect the separation of employment and residence.
(3) the promotion of employment balance can lead to multi center, regional and group urban spatial development by strengthening urban planning; build compact communities and compact cities by strengthening the use of mixed land; build suitable residential areas around typical enterprises or guide industrial agglomeration around large residential areas by employment agglomeration In order to improve the degree of job and residence matching, a rapid, large transport system and a perfect traffic network system should be established to improve the commuter efficiency with the "bus priority" as the guidance. The improvement of the urban public service facilities and the balanced distribution are more conducive to the promotion of the balance of residence.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.113

【参考文献】