被动式环境调控建筑并行设计平台构建方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 03:21

本文选题：被动式环境调控建筑 + 并行设计　；参考：《大连理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统的建筑设计属于一个串行的线性终端式过程,不同专业相互之间没有太多的交叉设计,室内环境调控主要是通过暧通工程师后期的设备系统设计来完成,这样的设计方法不仅在建造阶段和运行阶段造成大量的资源和能源消耗,而且还会对环境造成污染破坏。针对这一现象,在设计过程中应该充分挖掘建筑自身的调节潜力,通过被动式环境调控技术及可再生能源利用实现以尽可能低的资源和能源消耗最大限度地改善建筑整体热性能。被动式环境调控建筑的设计需要重新审视传统的线性终端式设计流程,暖通工程师有必要全程参与到建筑设计过程中辅助建筑师完成建筑热设计的优化,以进一步完善设计方案,在建筑设计初始阶段最大化地实现建筑节能。本文通过对被动式环境调控建筑和设计策略和技术应用进行研究分析,构建基于BIM方法的建筑师与工程师并行设计平台,对设计过程中建筑设计方案的性能评价的一些关键应用基础问题进行研究,探索被动式环境调控建筑的设计及评价方法。本论文通过理论和实验研究、工程案例设计实践,重点探讨了以下问题：首先,选用并行设计方法作为被动式环境调控建筑设计的基础方法,建立了并行设计过程中建筑性能评价体系,该建筑性能评价模型能够贯穿整个建筑设计建造过程,即概念设计分析建筑微气候,初步设计阶段评价建筑光环境和热环境,当建筑施工完成后利用温度场可视化对建筑热性能进行评价。并行设计方法和评价体系的建立为构建被动式环境调控建筑并行设计平台提供了理论基础。其次,针对被动式环境调控建筑设计策略和技术应用进行了研究。对于被动式环境调控建筑设计策略和技术的应用遵循金字塔法则,应用设计策略和技术以改变建筑形式、围护结构来减少建筑能源需求和利用被动式技术应用可再生能源为主要目标,尽量避免使用辅助设备；研究了建筑组群、建筑单体和建筑构件三个尺度上自然采光、采暖、降温和通风四个方面可利用的被动式环境调控建筑设计策略,并通过案例分析着重研究了应用被动式采暖技术对建筑能耗的影响,分析结果表明对于案例建筑在北京地区使用附加阳光间和太阳能空气集热器技术可以降低能耗38.7%,研究被动式设计策略的适用性得出北京、兰州、西安、沈阳四个城市中,北京和兰州适合使用附加阳光间技术,四个城市太阳能空气集热器的供暖保证率由高到低依次为北京38%、兰州35%、沈阳31%和西安27%。第三,基于BIM方法对建筑设计不同阶段设计方案的性能评价进行了应用研究。在建筑规划布局阶段,利用Weather Tool确定建筑的最佳朝向以及利用焓湿图分析被动式策略对建筑热舒适范围的影响；建筑初步设计阶段,利用Autodesk Ecotect Analysis对建筑自然采光和热环境两个方面进行分析来评价建筑师的设计方案,以便帮助建筑师完成热优化设计,进一步完善设计方案；建筑施工完成后,通过实验研究利用Swema Review对室内温度场可视化来评价已有建筑的热性能,同时可以作为专家信息库加入并行设计平台,辅助建筑师进行方案决策。最后,提出了被动式环境调控建筑并行设计平台构建方法,即以建筑师和暖通工程师构成设计团队,基于能够整合建筑信息的BIM平台作为并行设计平台,建筑师和暖通工程师从概念设计到建筑信息模型的建立再到初步设计与备选设计方案的优化,相互交叉配合完成并行设计实现建筑热设计优化,采用熵权多目标决策法综合建筑能耗、被动式技术供热量、平均自然采光系数、全年不舒适度、经济性指标等评价指标选出最优的设计方案,并通过案例设计,探讨基于并行设计平台进行被动式环境调控建筑设计的具体应用方法。
[Abstract]:The traditional architectural design belongs to a serial linear terminal process. There is not much cross design between different specialties. The control of indoor environment is accomplished mainly through the design of the equipment system in the later stage of the engineer. This design method not only causes a lot of resources and energy consumption in the construction phase and transportation stage. In the design process, we should fully excavate the adjustment potential of the building itself, and realize the maximum thermal performance of the building with the lowest possible resources and energy consumption through the passive environment regulation and control technology and the renewable energy utilization. The establishment of passive environmental regulation and control building. It is necessary to reexamine the traditional linear terminal design process. It is necessary for HVAC engineers to participate in the optimization of architectural thermal design by auxiliary architects in the process of architectural design, to further improve the design scheme and to maximize the realization of architectural Festival energy in the initial stage of architectural design. The design strategy and technical application are studied and analyzed. A parallel design platform for architects and engineers based on the BIM method is constructed. Some key application basic problems of the performance evaluation of the architectural design program in the design process are studied to explore the design and evaluation methods of the passive environmental regulation and control architecture. The practice of project case design focuses on the following issues:
Firstly, the parallel design method is selected as the basic method of passive environmental control architecture design, and the architecture performance evaluation system in the process of concurrent design is established. The building performance evaluation model can run through the whole building design and construction process, that is, the conceptual design is used to analyze the architectural microclimate, and the initial design stage is used to evaluate the building light environment and thermal environment. When, after completion of construction to evaluate the thermal performance of building by using the temperature field visualization. A parallel design method and evaluation system for building concurrent design platform for passive climate control provides a theoretical basis.
Secondly, the design strategy and technology application of passive environment control are studied. The application of the passive environment control architecture design strategy and technology follows the Pyramid rule, and the design strategy and technology are applied to change the building form, the enclosure structure is used to reduce the energy source demand and to use the passive technology to apply renewable energy. The main objective is to avoid the use of auxiliary equipment, and study the design strategy of the passive environment which can be used in the four aspects of natural lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation on three scales of building groups, building monomers and building components, and focusing on the application of passive heating technology to the building energy consumption through case analysis. The results show that the use of additional sunlight and solar air collector technology for the case building in Beijing can reduce energy consumption by 38.7%. The applicability of the passive design strategy is found in the four cities of Beijing, Lanzhou, Xi'an and Shenyang, Beijing and Lanzhou are suitable for the use of additional sunlight technology and four urban solar air. The heating rate of collector is from high to low in order of 38% in Beijing, 35% in Lanzhou, 31% in Shenyang and 27%. in Xi'an.
Third, based on the BIM method, the performance evaluation of the design scheme of different stages of architectural design is applied. In the stage of building planning and layout, Weather Tool is used to determine the best orientation of the building and the influence of the passive strategy on the thermal comfort range of the building by using the enthalpy wet map; the initial design stage of the building, using the Autodesk Ecotect An Alysis analyzes the two aspects of the natural lighting and thermal environment of the building to evaluate the architect's design scheme so as to help the architects to complete the thermal optimization design and further improve the design scheme. After the completion of the construction, the thermal performance of the existing buildings can be evaluated by using the Swema Review to evaluate the thermal performance of the existing buildings, and can also be used to evaluate the thermal performance of the existing buildings. A concurrent design platform is added as an expert information base to assist architects in making decisions.
Finally, the method of building a parallel design platform for passive environmental regulation and control is proposed. The design team is composed of architects and HVAC engineers, based on the BIM platform which can integrate the building information as a parallel design platform. The architects and HVAC engineers are from the concept design to the building letter and interest model to the preliminary design and the alternative design. The optimization of the scheme is completed with each other. The optimization of building thermal design is realized by the concurrent design. The entropy weight multi-objective decision method is used to integrate building energy consumption, the passive technical heat supply, the average natural lighting coefficient, the annual uncomfortableness and the economic index are selected to select the best design scheme, and the design of the case is based on the case design. The specific application method of the platform for passive environmental regulation and architectural design.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.4

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