“实物法”在国际项目投标报价中的应用

发布时间：2018-06-22 19:47

本文选题：国际工程 + 投标报价　；参考：《天津大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际工程投标报价涉及的因素众多，即使是同一类型和规模的项目，在不同国家、不同技术规范和条件下实施的造价可以有很大差别。国内广泛采用的“定额法”报价无法准确反映项目所在国的政治、宗教、经济形势和自然环境对成本的影响、也无法反映项目的复杂程度、技术难度和市场条件的不同等带来的成本变化，从而“定额法”报价在参与国际工程竞争时的种种弊端也逐渐暴露出来，给企业经营带来很大的风险。市场经济比较发达的欧美企业在参与国际工程竞争时，多数是采用“实物法”报价。即以单项工程为研究对象，根据业主要求，按照拟定的施工方案计算出所需投入的工、料、机资源的实际消耗量，从而计算出施工直接成本；并且根据准备投入的管理资源计算出间接成本，，进而得出施工总价。“实物法”报价对比“定额法”，能够相对科学和准确地反映在不同施工条件下，工程建设所需要的资源消耗，体现项目实施的三大目标：质量、进度和造价之间的相互关系，从而使估算的造价更加接近实际施工成本。笔者根据多年来从事海外项目投标的报价经验，对“实物法”报价的概念、费用组成、报价流程和做法进行总结，力求整理出一套适合中国企业情况的“实物法”报价方法和体系，并提出国际工程项目“实物法”报价的“二步走”方案：首先以整个工程为研究对象，根据业主要求、施工条件和模拟实施拟投入的施工资源消耗量，核算出整个项目的预算造价；第二步是以工程量清单中划定的单项工程为研究对象，按照一定的原则将第一步中配置的资源合理分配到清单单项工程，进行清单单价分配并得出清单综合单价，完成将第一步确定的报价总价和工程量清单报价之间的转换。文章最后通过一个完整的投标案例来对上述这一方法体系加以说明，阐述“实物法”报价要做什么，怎么做，谁来做，做成之后的结果是怎么样的，供投标报价人员参考，希望更好地普及和推广“实物法”报价在国内外项目中的应用。
[Abstract]:There are many factors involved in the international project bidding and quotation. Even for the same type and scale of the project, the cost under different technical specifications and conditions may vary greatly in different countries. The quotation of "quota law", which is widely used in China, cannot accurately reflect the influence of the political, religious, economic and natural environment on the cost of the country in which the project is located, nor can it reflect the complexity of the project. The technical difficulty and the different market conditions bring about the change of cost, so the disadvantages of "quota method" quotation in participating in the international engineering competition are exposed gradually, which brings great risks to the management of the enterprise. When European and American enterprises with more developed market economy participate in international engineering competition, most of them use "material object method" to quote prices. That is to say, take single project as the research object, according to the owner's request, according to the proposed construction plan to calculate the actual consumption of labor, material, machine resources, and thus calculate the direct cost of construction; The indirect cost is calculated according to the management resources to be put in, and the total construction price is obtained. Compared with "quota method", "material method" and "quota method" can relatively scientifically and accurately reflect the consumption of resources required for construction under different construction conditions, and reflect the three major objectives of project implementation: the relationship between quality, progress and cost. Thus, the estimated cost is closer to the actual construction cost. Based on the experience of bidding for overseas projects over the years, the author summarizes the concept, cost composition, bidding process and practice of the "physical method". This paper tries to sort out a set of quotation method and system suitable for Chinese enterprises, and puts forward the "two-step" scheme of international engineering project "physical method": first, take the whole project as the object of study, according to the owner's request, The construction conditions and the consumption of construction resources to be put into practice are simulated, and the budget cost of the whole project is calculated. The second step is to take the single project as the research object, which is defined in the bill of quantities. According to certain principles, the resources allocated in the first step are reasonably allocated to the single item project of the list, and the unit price of the list is allocated and the comprehensive unit price of the list is obtained, so as to complete the conversion between the total price determined in the first step and the quotation of the bill of quantities. At the end of the article, a complete bidding case is used to explain the above method system, expounding what to do, how to do it, who will do it, how to do it, and what the result is after it is made, which is for the reference of the bidder. We hope to popularize and popularize the application of "physical method" quotation in domestic and foreign projects.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU723.2

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