伪满洲国“新京”建筑形式与同时期建筑形式之比较

发布时间：2018-06-25 03:42

本文选题：“新京”建筑 + “满洲式”　；参考：《吉林建筑大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市大规模的历史变迁、扩大、壮大,带给人类社会的往往是经济的繁荣发展、生活的日渐富裕,见证长春二百多年历史的痕迹却逐渐消失。城市变化前的印象还是给予我们不小的好奇、惊喜,最直观的还是我们眼睛所看得到的城市历史建筑。 1931年中国东北地区受到日本帝国主义的殖民侵略,被沦为“伪满洲国”,长春被选作为“首都”,名为“新京”,直至日本1945年8月15日宣布无条件投降,伪满洲国也随之灭亡。日本在占领中国东北地区后,为了达到长期侵占统治的目的,策划谋略将“伪满洲国”打扮成“独立国家”,所以日本建筑师在长春进行了全新的规划和设计。当时在新京设计的建筑师存在着犹豫,此前长春的建筑基本都是欧美风格的复制,“新京”成立了,尤其是日本统治阶级已经有了叫板欧美的想法,所以“要有自己的风格”成为当政者和设计者的一种责任感和使命感。由于有了这种想法的体现,所以在长春留下了一部分“满洲式”等建筑形式的建筑,这是在国内其它城市几乎见不到的景到。设计者以这种建筑形式定为建筑设计的高度,中国的其它城市也有此类的建筑形式探索尝试。但长春的伪满建筑形式与日本和其它流行发展的建筑形式还是有很多的不同和差别,伪满时期“新京”的建筑形式更多地融入了中国文化的元素,让中国人看起来更有“中国化”的特征。长春伪满建筑在逐步减少,最终很可能消失,众多具有历史价值的现存史料在逐渐遗失,加强和改进保护与利用的措施,实时参考国内外优秀的经验和先进的技术,这些已经是迫在眉睫的事情。我们应该用辩证的思维去看待这段历史,重新审视这座城市,使这段特殊的历史过程发挥对国家的建设和发展有参考价值的正面作用。相关研究长春市近代建筑作品的特征与其创作思想方面只是在单独的研究领域进行了详尽的论述与研究,而没有汇总同时期所出现的其它建筑形式在中国的创作与发展。本文在对伪满时期建筑形式特征叙述的同时,把在同时期出现的主流建筑形式与其作为比较,分析之间的相同与差异,更确定了伪满时期建筑形式在长春城事历史发展中的特殊地位。本文在“新京”建筑的研究中,从伪满洲国“新京”的建筑类型与实例分析入手,并展开对伪满洲国“新京”建筑的风格趋势的探讨。在研究日本近代建筑对其影响的基础上,进行“满洲式”与“帝冠式”建筑风格间的比较；同时对伪满洲国“新京”建筑与国内、外同时期建筑形式进行比较,在对伪满洲国建筑“满洲式”与中国近代“中国固有形式”、新复古主义形式、国际现代主义建筑形式的比较中,分析了它们的背景、动机和最终的结果与成就,定位了伪满洲国“新京”建筑在中国近代建筑历史上的位置。发掘长春城市在历史发展中的特色和具有典型性的地方,然后科学地引导长春未来的城市发展方向,用独特的视角对“新京”建筑进行价值判断和历史评价,从而填补了长春近代文化进程的一段空白,而不是一味地避讳二十世纪三十年代的那一段殖民的历史,这是十分有益并极重要的。
[Abstract]:The large-scale historical changes, enlargement and expansion of the city are often brought to the human society by the prosperity and development of the economy, the prosperity of life, and the gradual disappearance of the traces of the history of the more than 200 years in Changchun. The impression before the change of the city still gives us a little curiosity, surprise, the most intuitive or the urban history of our eyes. Build.
In 1931, the Northeast China was subjected to the colonial invasion of Japanese imperialism and was reduced to "the puppet Manchuria state". Changchun was chosen as "capital", named "new Beijing", until Japan declared unconditional surrender in August 15, 1945, and the pseudo Manchuria state was perished. The planning strategy has made the "puppet Manchuria state" disguised as an independent country, so Japanese architects have carried out a completely new plan and design in Changchun.
At that time, the architects designed in the new Beijing were hesitant. The buildings in Changchun were basically replicated in European and American style. "Xin Jing" was established. Especially the Japanese ruling class had already called the European and American ideas, so "to have its own style" became a sense of responsibility and a sense of mission for the politicians and designers. The embodiment of the law, therefore, left a part of the "Manchuria" and other architectural forms in Changchun, which is hardly seen in other cities in China. The designers set the architectural form as the height of the architectural design, and the other cities in China also have such architectural forms of exploration. But the form of the puppet building in Changchun and Japan and the Japanese are the same. There are many differences and differences in other popular architectural forms. The architectural form of "Xin Jing" in the period of the puppet Manchu is more integrated into the elements of Chinese culture and makes the Chinese look more "Chinese".
The building of the puppet Manchu in Changchun is gradually decreasing, and eventually it is likely to disappear. Many historical historical materials are lost, the measures to strengthen and improve the protection and utilization, the real time reference to the excellent experience and advanced technology at home and abroad are already imminent. We should think of this history with dialectical thinking. A new look at this city makes this special historical process play a positive and positive role in the construction and development of the country.
The related research on the characteristics of modern architectural works in Changchun and its creative ideas is only detailed and studied in the field of separate research, but it does not summarize the creation and development of other architectural forms in China at the same time. This article, while narrating the shape features of the puppet period, appears at the same time. The mainstream architecture form is compared with the same and the difference between the analysis, and it also determines the special status of the puppet period architecture in the history of Changchun city.
In the study of "Xin Jing" architecture, this paper starts with the analysis of the architectural types and examples of "Xin Jing" in the puppet Manchuria, and explores the style and trend of the "new Beijing" architecture in the pseudo Manchuria country. On the basis of studying the influence of modern Japanese architecture, it compares the architectural style between "Manchuria" and "imperial crown". The pseudo Manchuria "new Beijing" architecture is compared with the architectural form in the same period. In the comparison of the pseudo Manchuria architecture "Manchuria" and the modern Chinese "inherent form", the new form of retro antique, and the international modernist architectural form, the background, motivation, final results and achievements are analyzed, and the puppet Manchuria is located. The position of the "new Beijing" architecture in the history of modern Chinese architecture, excavated the characteristics and typical places of Changchun city in the historical development, and then scientifically guided Changchun's future urban development direction, and made the value judgment and historical evaluation of the "new Beijing" architecture with a unique perspective, thus filling the modern culture in Changchun. It is very useful and important that a blank of Cheng, rather than a taboo of the colonial history of 1930s.
【学位授予单位】：吉林建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-092

【参考文献】