桥门式起重机风险评价的方法研究与技术实现

发布时间：2018-07-16 21:25

【摘要】：桥门式起重机是国民经济发展中应用最广泛,同时也是事故发生可能性最大、后果最严重的特种机械设备之一。检测技术是起重机械事故预防的重要技术手段之一。起重机械的传统检测方法主要依据国家相关规定进行定期检测,检测周期的制定主要来自于工程经验,容易造成对一般设备的过度检测和高风险设备的检测不足。深入凌钢、鞍钢等起重机使用单位实地收集了桥门式起重机设计、使用、维护等方面的相关历史数据,建立了FMEA表,在已有研究的基础上完成了桥门式起重机的FMEA分析。基于RBI方法制定了桥门式起重机零部件的定性风险评价准则,确定了零部件的风险等级。根据我国起重设备的行业特点,基于系数修正法重新定义了概率的计算公式,利用多层次灰色综合评价技术计算修正系数,并结合后果的经济性评价结果,建立了桥门式起重机的定量风险评价模型。基于ALARP原则制定了桥门式起重机的风险接受准则,结合起重机零部件的实时风险评价结果和特点,实施风险管理措施,并制定相应的动态检测计划。基于ACCESS数据库技术,以VB软件为开发平台编制了桥门式起重机风险评价系统软件,该软件能自动完成桥门式起重机零部件的组织结构管理；FMEA分析；起重机零部件的定性和定量风险评价；并自动生成word形式的安全评估报告,并给出相应的检测维护建议。技术人员利用该软件能够准确、快捷的完成桥门式起重机零部件的风险评价与管理。本文提出了桥门式起重机风险评价与管理方法,给出了风险评价的具体步骤和风险管理策略的制定过程,编制了风险评价软件。本文研究对起重机械的安全评估和事故预防具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:Bridge gantry crane is one of the most widely used equipment in the development of national economy. Detection technology is one of the important technical means to prevent crane accidents. The traditional testing methods of lifting machinery are mainly based on the relevant regulations of the country to carry out periodic inspection. The determination of inspection cycle mainly comes from engineering experience, which is easy to cause the over-detection of general equipment and the insufficient detection of high-risk equipment. The related historical data about the design, use and maintenance of bridge gantry crane are collected in the field. The FMEA table is established, and the FMEA analysis of bridge gantry crane is completed on the basis of previous research. Based on the RBI method, the qualitative risk evaluation criteria of bridge crane parts are established, and the risk grade of the components is determined. According to the characteristics of lifting equipment industry in China, the calculation formula of probability is redefined based on the coefficient correction method, and the modified coefficient is calculated by using multi-level grey comprehensive evaluation technique, and the result of economic evaluation is combined with the result. The quantitative risk assessment model of bridge gantry crane is established. Based on the principle of ALARP, the risk acceptance criterion of bridge gantry crane is established. Combining with the real-time risk evaluation results and characteristics of crane parts, the risk management measures are implemented and the corresponding dynamic detection plan is worked out. Based on access database technology, the software of bridge gantry crane risk assessment system is developed based on VB software. The software can automatically complete the analysis of organizational structure management of bridge gantry crane parts. The qualitative and quantitative risk assessment of crane parts and the safety evaluation report in word form are generated automatically, and the corresponding inspection and maintenance suggestions are given. The software can be used by technicians to accurately and quickly complete the risk assessment and management of crane components. In this paper, the risk assessment and management method of bridge gantry crane is put forward, the concrete steps of risk assessment and the process of formulating risk management strategy are given, and the risk evaluation software is developed. The research in this paper has important theoretical significance and engineering application value for safety evaluation and accident prevention of hoisting machinery.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH215

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