夏热冬暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造的技术经济分析

发布时间：2018-07-16 22:28

【摘要】：我国是一个发展中大国，同时又是一个人口众多，，人均能源资源相对匮乏的国家。我国每年新建房屋面积高达17～18亿平方米，超过所有发达国家每年建成面积的总和，而其中真正称得上节能建筑的还不到1亿平方米。在既有的400多亿平方米建筑中，节能建筑仅占1%。我国的建筑能耗和能源短缺现状，强烈的要求我国必须高度重视建筑节能技术的发展。建筑节能是一门跨学科、跨行业、综合性和应用性都很强的技术，它不仅集成了建筑学及土木、设备、机电、材料、环境等众多的工程学科，同时还与技术经济、社会学等人文学科密不可分。因此建筑节能技术不能简单的只从工程的角度出发，还必须考虑到其经济应用的重要性。在市场经济条件下，技术和经济应用是并存的。因此，针对建筑节能技术的经济应用分析是必不可少的。本文研究的对象是既有居住建筑围护结构节能改造的技术经济性分析，而围护结构的节能改造，又主要包括三个方面，即外墙外表面隔热保温、屋面隔热保温和外窗遮阳隔热。针对我国夏热冬暖地区居住建筑能耗的特点，采用全生命周期评价理论思想，对围护结构节能改造前后进行全生命周期成本分析（Life Cycle Cost Analyzing，简称LCCA）。通过建立成本分析模型，为以后夏热冬暖地区居住建筑围护结构节能改造提供技术和经济方面的参考。本文主要的特点在于采用国际上广泛认可的全生命周期评价理论，从围护结构节能改造全生命周期评价理论角度出发，运用建筑热工计算、工程造价和预测统计等学科的基本原理，通过建立成本分析数学模型、理论与实践相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，详细的论述了围护结构节能改造技术全生命周期成本分析的具体实施方案，从而得出以下结论：（1）确定了围护结构节能改造全生命周期成本的费用分解结构和成本组成，并且给出了生命周期成本每个组成部分的计算方法，建立了围护结构节能改造的LCC分析模型。（2）通过对外墙外表面保温隔热、屋顶保温隔热和外窗遮阳隔热进行技术经济性分析，得出夏热冬暖地区三种围护结构节能改造费效比，从而可以看出在夏热冬暖地区对外窗进行遮阳隔热能够在短时间内带来明显的节能效果。
[Abstract]:China is a large developing country with a large population and relatively scarce energy resources per capita. The area of newly built houses in China is as high as 17 ~ 1.8 billion square meters every year, which is more than the total area of all developed countries every year, but the real energy saving building is less than 100 million square meters. In the existing more than 40 billion square meters of buildings, energy-efficient buildings only account for 1. The present situation of building energy consumption and energy shortage in our country requires us to attach great importance to the development of building energy saving technology. Building energy conservation is an interdisciplinary, cross-industry, comprehensive and applied technology. It not only integrates architecture, civil engineering, equipment, electromechanical, material, environment and many other engineering disciplines, but also with technology and economy. Sociology and other humanities are inseparable. Therefore, building energy saving technology can not simply from the point of view of engineering, but also must consider the importance of its economic application. Under the condition of market economy, technology and economic application coexist. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the economic application of building energy saving technology. The research object of this paper is the technical and economic analysis of the energy saving transformation of the existing residential building envelope structure, and the energy saving transformation of the enclosure structure mainly includes three aspects, namely, the exterior wall heat insulation, the roof heat insulation and the exterior window shading heat insulation. According to the characteristics of energy consumption of residential buildings in hot summer and warm winter area in China, the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was carried out before and after the energy saving transformation of enclosure structure by using the theory of life cycle evaluation. The cost analysis model is established to provide technical and economic reference for energy saving reconstruction of residential buildings in hot summer and warm winter area. The main features of this paper are that the whole life cycle evaluation theory, which is widely accepted in the world, is used to calculate the thermal engineering of buildings from the perspective of the whole life cycle evaluation theory of the energy saving transformation of the envelope structure. The basic principles of engineering cost and prediction statistics, through the establishment of mathematical model of cost analysis, the combination of theory and practice, the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, The implementation scheme of life-cycle cost analysis of energy saving transformation technology of enclosure structure is discussed in detail. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the cost decomposition structure and cost composition of the whole life-cycle cost of the energy saving transformation of the envelope structure are determined, and the calculation method of each component of the life-cycle cost is given. The LCC analysis model for the energy saving transformation of the envelope structure is established. (2) through the technical and economic analysis of the exterior wall heat insulation, the roof heat insulation and the outer window sunshade insulation, The cost-efficiency ratio of three kinds of envelope structures in hot summer and warm winter area is obtained, and it can be seen that the sunshade and heat insulation in the external window in hot summer and warm winter area can bring obvious energy-saving effect in a short period of time.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241;TU201.5

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