低影响开发雨水管理措施的设计及效能模拟研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 08:11

【摘要】：城市化改变了场地的下垫面条件，进而改变了天然状态下的水文机制，导致水环境恶化、内涝风险加剧、径流污染严重、雨水资源流失等问题凸现。传统的雨水排放模式已不能满足目前城市可持续发展的需求，以“近自然、多功能”为核心理念的降雨径流最佳管理措施（Best Management Practices，BMPs）和城市低影响开发（Low ImpactDevelopment，LID）正展现出优势。针对目前我国在雨水管理措施设计上的欠缺，我们需要借鉴国外的先进理念和实践经验，结合国内城市发展的详实情况，完善、细化和系统化现有的雨水管理体系，并以实际案例进行试点研究。 LID是以维持或恢复场地天然状态下的水文机制为目标，而有效控制城市降雨径流和保护生态环境。研究LID措施的设计并模拟其效能，对解决我国城市洪涝灾害和生态环境问题，促进和维护场地水文过程的良性循环具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本研究以目前我国初具雏形的雨水管理措施设计模式为大纲，以两个核心——雨洪模型和LID措施为基础，以北京建筑大学西城校区为研究区域，进行LID措施的设计及效能的模拟研究。首先，建立研究区域的现状模型，初选LID措施，定量识别所选措施的截污减排效能、经济效能和利用效益，并进行量化评价，并建立效能识别方法和评价体系。①在区域调研、典型LID措施参数整理、气象数据收集、水质水量实测等基础上，采用SWMM建立西城校区的现状模型，并进行率定和验证；②初选适合西城校区的LID措施，，利用所建模型模拟所选LID措施的水质水量削减效果，并采用层次分析法定量识别所选LID措施的截污减排效能；③总结所选LID措施的基建费和管理维护费，结合措施设计规模分析所选LID措施的成本投资，定性总结LID措施的运行效果，并采用ahp定量识别所选LID措施的经济效能；④总结所选LID措施的利用效益，并采用ahp定量识别；⑤采用加权求和法量化评价所选LID措施的综合效能；⑥以截污减排效能、经济效能和利用效益为基础，建立LID措施的效能识别方法和综合效能的评价体系。然后，设计LID措施的建造方案，并进行方案评价，建立方案评价体系。①选择综合效能值高的LID措施进行方案设计；②采用SWMM模拟各种设计方案的截污减排效能；③根据所选LID措施识别后的效能值，推算设计方案的经济效能和利用效益；④采用线性归一化模型计算各种设计方案的综合效能；⑤建立设计方案的评价体系。其次，以深圳市光明新区低影响开发雨水综合利用示范区为案例研究区，旨在验证建立的效能识别方法、效能评价体系和方案优化体系的适用性，并为示范区设计出成本-效益最优化方案，推动LID先进理念的应用和普及。主要工作包括：①调研示范区，建立现状模型，并结合示范区场地条件、示范项目考核指标和LID措施的使用特征初选LID措施；②利用建立的效能识别方法识别所选LID措施的效能，其中的截污减排效能采用Mike-Urban模拟得出；③利用建立的综合效能的评价体系分析所选LID措施的效能，并量化评价；④选择综合效能值高的LID措施进行方案设计，并利用建立的方案评价体系优化设计方案；⑤根据评价结果，给出成本-效益最优化方案和最经济适用的方案；⑥分析示范区设计了LID方案后带来的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。最后，进行归纳和总结。①比较传统开发模式和LID模式的效能；②比较LID模式优化前后的效能；③研究LID措施对不同降雨特征的响应情况。本研究在学习和吸收国外先进LID雨水管理措施的基础上，深入研究了LID措施的设计，并在效能模拟的基础上，建立了实用性较强的效能识别方法、效能评价体系和方案优化体系。本研究完善了我国城市雨水管理体系，研究结果对解决我国城市化进程中的雨水管理问题具有理论意义和实用价值。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the demand of sustainable development in our country , we need to learn from the advanced ideas and practical experiences from abroad , perfect , refine and systematize the existing rainwater management system , and carry out the pilot study with practical cases .

In order to maintain or restore the hydrological regime in the natural state of the site and to effectively control the urban rainfall runoff and protect the ecological environment , this paper studies the design of the lid measures and simulates its effectiveness . It has important theoretical significance and practical value to solve the problems of flood and waterlogging and ecological environment in our country , promote and maintain the virtuous circle of the field hydrological process .

Based on two core _ rain - flood models and lid measures , this study is based on two core _ rain - flood models and lid measures , and studies the design and effectiveness of the lid measures based on the west - city campus of Beijing Architecture University .

First , establish the current model of the research area , select the lid measure , quantitatively identify the cut - off emission reduction efficiency , economic efficiency and utilization benefit of the selected measures , carry out quantitative evaluation , and establish the efficiency identification method and the evaluation system .
( 2 ) selecting suitable lid measures suitable for the west city campus area , simulating the water quality water quantity reduction effect of the selected lid measures by using the built model , and using the analytic hierarchy process to quantitatively identify the cut - off emission reduction efficiency of the selected lid measures ;
( 3 ) To sum up the capital construction fee and management maintenance fee of the selected lid measure , analyze the cost investment of the selected lid measures by combining the design scale of the measures , and qualitatively summarize the operation effect of the lid measure , and adopt ahp to quantitatively identify the economic performance of the selected lid measures ;
( 4 ) summarizing the utilization benefit of the selected lid measures , and using ahp quantitative identification ;
( 5 ) carrying out quantitative evaluation on the comprehensive performance of the selected lid measures by adopting a weighted summation method ;
( 6 ) To establish the efficiency identification method and comprehensive performance evaluation system based on the efficiency , economic efficiency and utilization benefit of pollution reduction and emission reduction .

Then , the scheme of scheme evaluation is designed , and the scheme evaluation system is established .
( 2 ) adopting SWMM to simulate the pollution reduction and emission reduction performance of various design schemes ;
( 3 ) calculating the economic efficiency and the utilization benefit of the design scheme according to the performance value identified by the selected lid measure ;
( 4 ) adopting a linear normalization model to calculate the comprehensive performance of various design schemes ;
( 5 ) Establish the evaluation system of the design scheme .

Secondly , based on the low - impact development rainwater comprehensive utilization demonstration area of Shenzhen Guangming New Area as the case study area , it is designed to verify the applicability of the established efficiency identification method , the efficiency evaluation system and the scheme optimization system , and design the cost - benefit optimization scheme for the demonstration area to promote the application and popularization of the advanced idea of the lid . The main work includes : ( 1 ) the research demonstration area , the establishment of the current situation model , and the combination of the demonstration area site conditions , the demonstration project appraisal index and the use characteristic of the lid measures ;
( 2 ) using the established performance identification method to identify the effectiveness of the selected lid measures , wherein the sewage interception and emission reduction efficiency is calculated by Mike - Urban simulation ;
( 3 ) analyzing the effectiveness of the selected lid measures by utilizing the established comprehensive performance evaluation system , and quantifying the evaluation ;
( 4 ) selecting the lid measures with high comprehensive performance value to design the scheme , and utilizing the established scheme evaluation system to optimize the design scheme ;
( 5 ) Based on the evaluation results , the cost - benefit optimization scheme and the most economical scheme are given ;
6 . The environmental benefits , economic benefits and social benefits brought about by the design of the lid scheme in the demonstration area are analyzed .

Finally , summarize and sum up . ( 1 ) Compare the traditional development mode and the efficiency of lid mode ;
( 2 ) comparing the efficiency before and after the optimization of the lid mode ;
( 3 ) To study the response of lid measures to different rainfall characteristics .

On the basis of studying and absorbing the management measures of advanced lid rain water in foreign countries , the paper further studies the design of lid measures , and based on the performance simulation , establishes a strong practicability recognition method , a performance evaluation system and a scheme optimization system . The research has improved the urban rainwater management system in China . The research results have theoretical significance and practical value for solving the problem of rainwater management in China ' s urbanization process .
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

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