“居家养老”模式下北京中小套型住宅改造研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 09:41

【摘要】：本论文选题来自国家十二五项目：国家社会养老综合信息服务平台建设及应用示范工程（编号:2012BAK18B00）中的子课题：社区适老性规划、建筑设计技术研究与示范（编号2012BAK18B03）。人口老龄化是21世纪全球性的问题，我国老年人口数量将在2013年突破2亿，届时我国老龄化程度将达到14.8%，由于人口老龄化超前于现代化建设，我国将大范围出现“未富先老”、“未备先老”的状况。“居家养老”是政府倡导的、符合我国现阶段国情的养老模式，大多数老年人从个人的经济状况、传统的养老观念以及公立养老机构一床难求、私立机构管理混乱的状况出发，选择了居家养老。然而，城镇老年人居住条件问题十分突出，七成以上的城镇老年人居住的多层住房没有安装电梯，使居住在其中的老人举步维艰。在当前社会经济条件下，中小套型多层住宅依然是我国住房体系的重要组成部分，，因此如何在当前居住标准和养老模式背景下改善旧住宅区老年人的居住条件对于提高老年人的生活质量是极为重要的内容。在国家政策的指导下，北京市将在“十二五”阶段大力发展社区养老服务体系，同时鼓励社会力量兴办养老服务行业，加大养老机构床位的建设。本文首先介绍了研究背景，研究的目的意义及方法，阐述了已有研究成果，明确了研究对象为中小套型住宅中的多层住宅。其次，通过对北京市老年人大量居住的中小套型多层住宅的调研以及对老年人生理、心理及居家养老行为模式的分析，提出了老年人居家养老的需求和中小套型多层住宅在适老性方面亟需解决的问题。接着，根据改造层级由低到高，分别从室内空间的无障碍化、室内空间的复合性、室内空间的可变性、室内空间的舒适性、以及室内空间的可交往性对中小套型多层住宅进行了改造研究。再次，在改造原则的指导下，根据代际关系对有代表性的调研实例进行系统改造，验证并落实了前面章节总结的改造方法。最后，总结了全文，指出了中小套型多层住宅在适老化改造上的局限性并提出了作者的展望。
[Abstract]:The topic of this thesis is from the 12th Five-Year Plan of the country: construction and Application demonstration Project of National Social Pension Comprehensive Information Service platform (No.: 2012BAK18B00): research and demonstration of community aging planning, architectural design technology (No. 2012BAK18B03). Population aging is a global problem in the 21st century. The number of the elderly population in our country will exceed 200 million in 2013. By then, the aging degree of our country will reach 14.8. because the aging population is ahead of the modernization drive, China will be "getting old before getting rich" on a large scale. The condition of "getting old before you are ready". The "family pension" is a pension model advocated by the government and in line with the current situation of our country. Most elderly people proceed from their personal economic situation, the traditional concept of providing for the aged and the difficult bed of the public pension institutions, and the chaotic management of the private institutions. Chose to live at home for the aged. However, the living conditions of the elderly in cities and towns are very prominent. More than 70% of the old people in cities and towns do not install elevators in the multi-storey housing, which makes it difficult for the elderly to live in them. Under the current social and economic conditions, small and medium-sized multi-storey housing is still an important part of our housing system. Therefore, how to improve the living conditions of the elderly in the old residential areas under the background of the current living standards and the old-age model is extremely important to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Under the guidance of national policies, Beijing will vigorously develop the community pension service system in the "12th Five-Year Plan" stage, at the same time, it will encourage the social forces to set up the pension service industry and increase the bed construction of pension institutions. This paper first introduces the research background, purpose, significance and methods of the research, expounds the existing research results, and clarifies that the research object is the multi-story residence in the small and medium style housing. Secondly, through the investigation and investigation of the small and medium style multi-storey housing which the old people live in large numbers in Beijing, and the analysis of the elderly's physiology, psychology and the behavior pattern of the old-age support at home, This paper puts forward the demand for the aged at home and the problems that need to be solved in the aspect of the aging of the small and medium style multi-storey housing. Then, according to the transformation level from low to high, respectively from the accessibility of indoor space, indoor space complex, indoor space variability, indoor space comfort, As well as the interactivity of indoor space, the small and medium-sized multi-storey housing is reformed. Thirdly, under the guidance of the transformation principle, the representative research examples are systematically transformed according to the intergenerational relationship, and the transformation methods summarized in the previous chapters are verified and implemented. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text, points out the limitations of medium and small multi-storey housing in the adaptation to aging and puts forward the author's outlook.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241.93

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