两宋时期瓦舍勾栏形制探究
发布时间：2018-08-03 14:39
【摘要】：在我国封建社会的发展长河中，宋代是发展的极盛期，物质和精神文化的发展在整个封建历史中是空前绝后的。由于社会环境的改善，生活质量的提高，人们对娱乐、演出的场地提出了专门化的要求。在这样的大背景下，瓦舍勾栏始于北宋，兴于南宋至元，形成了在宋元时期城市中较为完善的娱乐演出场所。它的出现在我国古剧场发展史中具有跨时代的意义，标志着我国商业剧场的正式形成。 可惜的是并没有发现其具体的形象资料遗留下来。我国古建筑多以木质为建筑材料，保存难度大，目前还无法找到两宋时期瓦舍勾栏实物。 本文以瓦舍勾栏为研究对象，依据历史典籍、现存图像、考古报告、其他学科研究成果，国内外相关研究五个方面对瓦舍勾栏可能的存在形制进行推测，较前辈学者的瓦舍勾栏形制研究更加深入全面。在分析研究各种资料的过程中发现对瓦舍勾栏的探究主要集中于两点，一是瓦舍勾栏存在时间跨度大、牵扯社会背景、文化、百姓习俗等各方面原因较多，加之各戏曲曲种演出方式较多，导致对其研究的难度较大。二是考虑到瓦舍勾栏目前无现存遗迹，复原是不可能的，对此本文提出对其“形制”的推测，并以此为题。对瓦舍勾栏形制的研究虽有前辈做了一些工作，但止步于对其功能分布、方位的研究，而且并没有更多的从建筑角度出发深入推测。 本文对形制的探究，主要采用对相关历史文献、考古报告、图像资料相结合的方式，以文献研究为依据，以考古报告、图像资料为基础，综合分析各种可能性对瓦舍勾栏形制进行几种推测，为将来有可能的复原工作提供一些参考，，对了解我国剧场后期定型给予方向性指导。 首先，提取研究关于北宋时期有明确文献记载社会背景、人们休闲娱乐的信息，得出瓦舍勾栏形成、兴起的背景及原因。整理发现瓦舍勾栏大都存在于繁华市井中，地点、环境的确定也是之后对其院落形制推测的依据之一。 其次，通过查阅大量文献，结合相关资料，推断出瓦舍勾栏内的演出内容、经营模式。然后采用研究表演形式对演出内容进行分类归类。依据演出内容、可能配套的设施设备对瓦舍勾栏内部的平面功能分布进行几种情况的推测。 再次，依据相关历史文献、考古报告、图像资料，特别是莫高窟112、444窟勾栏形式、川泸县南宋墓出土勾栏石刻等资料相结合的方式，针对瓦舍勾栏特征对构成瓦舍勾栏的院落、台基、承重体系、勾栏样式、等关键元素形制进行推测。 最后，对两宋时期瓦舍勾栏可能存在的几种形制进行图示绘制，对瓦舍勾栏形制形成完整直观的认识。
[Abstract]:During the development of feudal society in China, the Song Dynasty was a period of great development, and the development of material and spiritual culture was unprecedented in the whole feudal history. Because of the improvement of the social environment and the improvement of the quality of life, people put forward the specialized request to the entertainment and the performing place. In such a background, Washer hook column began in the Northern Song Dynasty and flourished from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, forming a relatively perfect entertainment performance place in the Song and Yuan dynasties. Its appearance in the history of ancient theater in China has a cross-epoch significance, marking the formal formation of commercial theater in China. Unfortunately, it is not found that the specific image of the information left over. Most of the ancient buildings in China use wood as building materials, so it is difficult to preserve them, so it is not possible to find the Washer Goulang in the Song Dynasty. Based on the historical books, existing images, archaeological reports, research results of other disciplines, and related studies at home and abroad, this paper speculated on the possible existence of Washer Hook column. Compared with the previous generation of scholars, the study of Washer Hook column form is more thorough and comprehensive. In the course of analyzing and studying all kinds of materials, we find that the exploration of the Washer hook column is mainly focused on two aspects. One is that the Washer hook column has a long time span, which involves social background, culture, people's custom and so on. In addition, the variety of opera performance, leading to the difficulty of its research. Second, considering that there is no extant vestige in the Washer bar, it is impossible to recover. This paper puts forward the conjecture of its "shape", and takes it as a topic. Although the study on the shape of the Washer Hook column has done some work, it stops at the study of its function distribution and orientation, and has not been further speculated from the architectural point of view. In this paper, we mainly adopt the method of combining historical documents, archaeological reports and image data, based on literature research, archaeological reports and image data. Through comprehensive analysis of various possibilities, several conjectures are made on the shape of the Washer hooks, which provide some references for the possible restoration work in the future, and provide directional guidance for understanding the late stage of the theater in our country. First of all, the research on the Northern Song Dynasty has a clear literature records of the social background, people leisure and entertainment information, the formation of the Washer hook column, the rise of the background and reasons. It is found that most of the Washe hooks are found in the bustling market, and the location and environment are also one of the bases for the conjecture on the shape of the courtyard. Secondly, through consulting a large number of literature, combined with relevant materials, inferred the performance content and business model in the Washer box. Then it classifies and classifies the content of the performance by using the form of research performance. According to the content of the performance, the possible supporting facilities and equipment are used to speculate on the plane function distribution inside the Washer Hook Bar. Thirdly, according to the relevant historical documents, archaeological reports, image data, especially the form of Goulang in the Mogao Grottoes 112444, and the stone carvings unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty in Luxian, Sichuan, aiming at the characteristics of the Washi-Gou column, the courtyard that constitutes the Washi-hook column is analyzed. Base, load-bearing system, hook column style, and other key element shape to speculate. Finally, several shapes that may exist in Washe-bar in the Song Dynasty are drawn, and a complete and intuitive understanding of the Washer Hook column is formed.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU242.2;TU-092
本文编号：2162064
[Abstract]:During the development of feudal society in China, the Song Dynasty was a period of great development, and the development of material and spiritual culture was unprecedented in the whole feudal history. Because of the improvement of the social environment and the improvement of the quality of life, people put forward the specialized request to the entertainment and the performing place. In such a background, Washer hook column began in the Northern Song Dynasty and flourished from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, forming a relatively perfect entertainment performance place in the Song and Yuan dynasties. Its appearance in the history of ancient theater in China has a cross-epoch significance, marking the formal formation of commercial theater in China. Unfortunately, it is not found that the specific image of the information left over. Most of the ancient buildings in China use wood as building materials, so it is difficult to preserve them, so it is not possible to find the Washer Goulang in the Song Dynasty. Based on the historical books, existing images, archaeological reports, research results of other disciplines, and related studies at home and abroad, this paper speculated on the possible existence of Washer Hook column. Compared with the previous generation of scholars, the study of Washer Hook column form is more thorough and comprehensive. In the course of analyzing and studying all kinds of materials, we find that the exploration of the Washer hook column is mainly focused on two aspects. One is that the Washer hook column has a long time span, which involves social background, culture, people's custom and so on. In addition, the variety of opera performance, leading to the difficulty of its research. Second, considering that there is no extant vestige in the Washer bar, it is impossible to recover. This paper puts forward the conjecture of its "shape", and takes it as a topic. Although the study on the shape of the Washer Hook column has done some work, it stops at the study of its function distribution and orientation, and has not been further speculated from the architectural point of view. In this paper, we mainly adopt the method of combining historical documents, archaeological reports and image data, based on literature research, archaeological reports and image data. Through comprehensive analysis of various possibilities, several conjectures are made on the shape of the Washer hooks, which provide some references for the possible restoration work in the future, and provide directional guidance for understanding the late stage of the theater in our country. First of all, the research on the Northern Song Dynasty has a clear literature records of the social background, people leisure and entertainment information, the formation of the Washer hook column, the rise of the background and reasons. It is found that most of the Washe hooks are found in the bustling market, and the location and environment are also one of the bases for the conjecture on the shape of the courtyard. Secondly, through consulting a large number of literature, combined with relevant materials, inferred the performance content and business model in the Washer box. Then it classifies and classifies the content of the performance by using the form of research performance. According to the content of the performance, the possible supporting facilities and equipment are used to speculate on the plane function distribution inside the Washer Hook Bar. Thirdly, according to the relevant historical documents, archaeological reports, image data, especially the form of Goulang in the Mogao Grottoes 112444, and the stone carvings unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Song Dynasty in Luxian, Sichuan, aiming at the characteristics of the Washi-Gou column, the courtyard that constitutes the Washi-hook column is analyzed. Base, load-bearing system, hook column style, and other key element shape to speculate. Finally, several shapes that may exist in Washe-bar in the Song Dynasty are drawn, and a complete and intuitive understanding of the Washer Hook column is formed.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU242.2;TU-092
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 廖奔;汴京杂剧兴衰录[J];河南大学学报(哲学社会科学版);1987年02期
2 朱瑞熙;宋朝的休假制度[J];学术月刊;1999年05期
本文编号：2162064
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