液压挖掘机工作装置运动仿真与优化设计

发布时间：2018-08-07 11:02

【摘要】：液压挖掘机是工程机械的重要品种之一，是土石方开挖的主要机械设备。目前我国建筑、铁路公路、农田水利、采矿、军事等各方面都需要大量的挖掘机械的投入使用，以减轻工人劳动强度、加快工程项目建设速度；同时这也刺激了挖掘机市场火爆增长，每年增幅均有15%~30%，2011全年各类挖掘机械销售超过17万台。然而国内生产厂家的产品在工程实践中总会出现焊缝开裂、销轴断裂、结构设计不合理出现干涉等问题，严重影响了产品的市场竞争力。液压挖掘机的工作装置是直接用来进行挖掘作业的施工工具，是其实现各项功能的重要组成部分；反铲工作装置是液压挖掘机中一种主要工作装置形式，其结构与设计直接影响到液压挖掘机的工作性能。本文以某型号的反铲液压挖掘机工作装置为研究对象，，运用虚拟样机技术和有限元分析等方法对其进行了建模、仿真分析、有限元分析、优化设计等研究，其主要工作包括以下几个方面： ⑴分析了液压挖掘机的组成和工作原理，利用Solidworks建立了液压挖掘机工作装置的三维模型。 ⑵将三维模型导入ADAMS中建立了工作装置的虚拟样机模型，对其进行了运动学仿真和动力学仿真，验证了其机构设计的合理性，得到了工作装置运动包络图和各铰点力变化曲线图。 ⑶结合ADAMS中得到的各铰点力变化曲线图，利用Hypermesh与ANSYS对工作装置中的动臂进行了静强度分析，得到了其在典型工况下的应力、位移分布情况及规律。 ⑷建立工作装置动臂的参数化有限元模型，利用ANSYS结构优化模块对动臂进行了结构优化分析，实现了动臂结构减重的目标。本文使用了Solidworks、ADAMS、Hypermesh和ANSYS这四个工程类软件，实现了挖掘机工作装置从建模到运动学分析、动力学分析、结构强度分析及最后的结构优化的全过程；本文的研究成果将为液压挖掘机工作装置的设计与分析提供一定的参考依据。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator is one of the important varieties of engineering machinery and the main mechanical equipment for excavation of earth and stone. At present, a large number of excavating machinery are needed in all aspects of construction, railway, highway, farmland, water conservancy, mining and military, in order to reduce the labor intensity of workers and speed up the construction of engineering projects; at the same time, it also stimulates the excavator. The rapid growth of the market has increased by 15%~30% every year. There are more than 170 thousand types of mining machinery sales in 2011. However, there are always weld cracks, fracture of pin shaft and unreasonable structure design, which seriously affect the market competitiveness of products.
The working device of the hydraulic excavator is a construction tool which is directly used to carry out the excavation work. It is an important part of its functions. The backhoe work device is a main working device in the hydraulic excavator. Its structure and design directly affect the working performance of the hydraulic excavator. This paper is based on a type of backhoe hydraulic excavator. The working device of driving machine is the research object. The research of modeling, simulation analysis, finite element analysis and optimization design is carried out by using virtual prototyping technology and finite element analysis method. The main work includes the following aspects:
_Thecomposition and working principle of hydraulic excavator are analyzed, and the three-dimensional model of working device of hydraulic excavator is established by using Solidworks.
(2) the virtual prototype model of the working device was established by introducing the 3D model into the ADAMS. The kinematics simulation and dynamic simulation were carried out to verify the rationality of its mechanism design, and the motion envelope of the working device and the change curve of each point force were obtained.
(3) the static strength analysis of the moving arm in the working device is carried out by using Hypermesh and ANSYS, and the distribution and regularity of the stress, displacement and displacement in the typical working conditions are obtained by combining the curves of each hinge force variation obtained in ADAMS.
The parameterized finite element model of the working arm of the working device is established. The structure optimization of the ANSYS structure is used to optimize the structure of the arm, and the target of the weight reduction of the movable arm is realized.
In this paper, four engineering software such as Solidworks, ADAMS, Hypermesh and ANSYS have been used to realize the whole process of excavator working device from modeling to kinematic analysis, dynamic analysis, structural strength analysis and final structural optimization. The research results of this paper will provide some reference for the design and analysis of the working device of hydraulic excavator. Basis.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU621

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