北京观光农业园区规划研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 20:22

【摘要】：当前北京城乡发展二元化格局依旧存在，且传统农业已不能满足社会各方面发展的需求。为促进北京城乡一体化建设和传统农业转型化发展，观光农业因其在生产、生活、生态方面的多功能价值成为北京现代都市型农业发展的主要形式，并带动了乡村经济发展，为城市居民提供了生态安全保障及观光休憩的场所。本文对北京观光农业园区规划进行研究，按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的结构展开。北京观光农业是全国观光农业的先行者，，近年来在规划制定、方向引导、宣传营销等方面取得了突出成绩，由此推动观光农业园区迅速发展。但当前建设仍存在一些问题，基于农业的“生产、生活、生态”功能，通过实地调研、专家访谈、文献研究等方法，在一定的理论指导下，从宏观、中观、微观三个层面，对150个样本园区从“园区分布与农业资源格局的关系、园区内外生态网络体系的结构、园区内景观风貌的营造、园区内基础设施的建设、园区内体验活动的开发”五个方面进行现状评估。结果显示：园区建设存在园区分布与农业相关规划尚未耦合、园区内外生态网络体系尚未建立、园区内景观风貌营造尚且薄弱、园区内基础设施建设尚且缺失、园区内体验活动开发尚且低级五大问题。继而提出应对策略并吸取北京观光农业园区建设成功的经验，基于政策保障、规划引导及农民自主建设提出系列保障性措施。应对策略包括：（1）在宏观层面形成推动“城市-乡村-园区生态”三位一体化发展的生态网络规划。即通过对生态网络在核心保护区、自然复育区、缓冲区、生态廊道、生态跳岛五个方面内容的研究，建立园区生态景观建设技术导则、乡村生态网络和城乡生态网络。（2）在中观层面形成带动乡村农业特色化发展的园区产业规划。即整合北京市域农业资源，在“一区一色”、“一村一品”的农业规划要求下，研究各区县观光农业布局结构，形成基于区县特色农业和道路、水系的“四沟六带九楔多点”式园区产业布局结构。（3）在微观层面形成促进北京观光农业园区持续、和谐发展的园区景观资源分类评价、规划设计模式和活动开发模式。即通过古代文学作品、北京乡村居住者、北京旅游观光者三种乡村景观意象媒介，提取北京乡村景观特征。结合旅游及农业资源分类标准，形成园区景观资源分类评价体系。依据体系和风景园林规划设计的一般程序，对样本园区规划建设现状进行研究，总结规划内容及发展策略，形成园区规划设计导则。同样，依据体系，研究园区活动开发类型，从“主题口号、活动内容、分类组合、宣传营销”四个方面入手，建立园区活动开发模式。规划导则的实施为活动开发提供了场地和可能，同时多样化的活动开发也推动了规划建设对园区景观资源的合理利用。
[Abstract]:At present, the dual pattern of urban and rural development still exists in Beijing, and traditional agriculture can not meet the needs of all aspects of social development. In order to promote the construction of urban and rural integration in Beijing and the transformation of traditional agriculture, tourism agriculture has become the main form of modern urban agriculture development in Beijing because of its multifunctional value in production, life and ecology, and has promoted the development of rural economy. It provides the city residents with ecological security and sightseeing places. In this paper, the planning of Beijing sightseeing agricultural park is studied. Tourism agriculture in Beijing is the forerunner of national tourism agriculture. In recent years, it has made outstanding achievements in planning, direction guidance, propaganda and marketing, thus promoting the rapid development of tourism agricultural park. However, there are still some problems in the current construction. Based on the function of "production, life, ecology" of agriculture, through field research, expert interviews, literature research and other methods, under the guidance of certain theory, from the macro, meso and micro levels, The relationship between the distribution of the park and the pattern of agricultural resources, the structure of the ecological network system inside and outside the park, the construction of landscape features in the park, the construction of the infrastructure in the park, the relationship between the distribution of the park and the pattern of agricultural resources, The development of experience activities in the park "five aspects of the status quo assessment." The results show that the distribution of the park has not been coupled with the related planning of agriculture, the ecological network system inside and outside the park has not been established, the landscape and landscape construction in the park is still weak, and the infrastructure construction in the park is still missing. There are five problems in the development of experience activities in the park. Then put forward the countermeasures and draw on the successful experience of the construction of Beijing sightseeing agricultural park, based on the policy guarantee, planning guidance and farmers' independent construction, put forward a series of support measures. The countermeasures include: (1) forming ecological network planning to promote the integration of "urban, rural and park ecology" at the macro level. That is, through the study of the ecological network in the core protected areas, natural rehabilitation areas, buffer zones, ecological corridors, ecological island jumping, the establishment of the park ecological landscape construction technical guidelines, Rural ecological network and urban and rural ecological network. (2) in the meso-level to form the development of rural agriculture to promote the development of the park industry planning. That is, to integrate the agricultural resources in Beijing, under the agricultural planning requirements of "one district, one color" and "one village, one product", to study the layout structure of sightseeing agriculture in all districts and counties, so as to form agriculture and roads based on the characteristics of districts and counties. The industrial layout structure of the "four gully, six belt and nine wedge multi-point" parks in the water system. (3) the classification and evaluation of landscape resources of Beijing sightseeing agricultural park, which promotes the sustainable and harmonious development of Beijing sightseeing agricultural park, is formed at the micro level. Planning design pattern and activity development mode. Namely through ancient literature works, Beijing village inhabitant, Beijing tourist visitor three kinds of rural landscape image medium, extract Beijing countryside landscape characteristic. Combining with the classification standard of tourism and agricultural resources, the landscape resources classification and evaluation system of the park is formed. According to the system and the general procedure of landscape architecture planning and design, this paper studies the present situation of the planning and construction of the sample park, summarizes the planning contents and development strategies, and forms the guidelines for the planning and design of the park. In the same way, according to the system, this paper studies the type of park activity development, and establishes the park activity development model from four aspects: "theme slogan, activity content, classified combination, propaganda and marketing". The implementation of planning guidelines provides the site and possibility for activity development, and at the same time, diversified activity development also promotes the rational utilization of landscape resources in the park by planning and construction.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986;TU982.29

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