中国传统文化造景元素在主题园区中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 09:46

【摘要】：主题园区是以某一主题（如休闲农业、园艺博览、军事、体育等）为建设主体的大型园区，在造景、功能分区、互动设计等方面体现主题特色，其特色突出、定位明确、具有鲜明的区域化特点，是当前规划设计中的热点。在园区规划设计中，文化元素的体现是构建充满活力、展现特色主题园区必不可少的重要组成部分。无论是色彩的呈现、轴线的表达还是景观小品、节点的设计布局，无一不是文化元素的展现及引申。文化元素包罗万象，融合在社会生活的各个层面并演化为不同的实体或非物质形态。提取整合可利用的文化元素并应用于主题园区规划设计的不同空间，使设计更具系统性和特色化，在各类主题园区的规划设计中具有重要意义。本研究主要利用观察记录、调查问卷、文献调查、实例分析等方法，对几种主要主题园区的类型从文化元素应用及提取的角度进行分析讨论，通过对构成园区景观的中国传统文化造景元素的提炼进行系统分析，以期为主题园区设计提供传统文化元素方面的理论指导。结果如下： 1.中国传统文化在园林艺术上主要分为现实表现、抽象表现、感觉表现三种类型。其中现实表现是以经过历史检验的传统文化元素所物化的符号为主。抽象表现是对历史文化符号的继承并演绎升华，感觉表现是在对历史文化充分理解的基础上所展现的一种氛围，心理的升华。中国传统文化造景元素的主要表现形式可分为“形”与“意”，以“形”造景主要涵盖“色彩、图案、造型及材质”等几部分，以“形”入景，“形”景交融。以“意”造景分为“历史重现”和“抽象演绎”两种类型，喻情于景，以景言志。本文通过对传统文化造景元素在景园中的应用实例，汇总提炼其应用的规律性，将代表性的中国传统文化造景元素进行了归纳总结，结合在园区设计中的应用形式划分为三种类型：直接利用型、借用引申型及意向表述型。其中直接利用就是把传统文化物态化的符号进行有机的组合，准确的展示；借用引申就是把微调之后的传统文化符号作为一个新的“符号”贯穿于设计的始终；而意向表述是没有具体物态化的符号的，依托对传统文化的理解加上特定的场合所迸发的灵感而进行的造景设计，是创造一个氛围、一个场景。 2.论述了建筑要素、水景要素及植物要素与传统文化的呼应联系，解析了中国传统文化造景元素在主题园区中的园林要素上的表达手法，提出的一般要点具体包括：（1）在建筑要素上的表现手法，要规划符合园区主题的建筑类型以及选择恰当的传统文化符号表达建筑内涵，且选定代表符号之后要考虑使这个符号贯穿全园区的建筑乃至建筑的各个表观部分。（2）在水景要素上的表现手法：按照中国传统文化的“天人合一”思想，在驳岸处理、水体走向等造景设计时应因形就势、因地制宜。同时充分利用当代技术及材料，将传统文化重新演绎。在立体水体景观的打造方面更需要传统文化元素的加盟渲染，传统的理水加上现代化的手段是构建水体景观的基本要素。（3）在植物要素上的表现手法，重视植物的拟人化文化表达，配合植物颜色及传统文化的渲染。但是要注意“继承，吸收，消化，创新”。 3．分析了主题园区主题表达与元素构成，提出了主题园区设计思路，认为其中工业主题园区应该以发现-利用-破坏-修复作为主线，本着新建的景观必须延续场地原先的文脉，场地的工业元素和工业特质需以某种方式得以保留或再生的理念。文体主题园区设计理念应以充分挖掘中国传统文化为目的，特别是以地方特色文化作为设计理念。农业主题园区设计理念要以农业资源为核心依托，本着创造集农业观光、生态旅游、文化体验、科技展示、商贸交流为一体的都市型现代观光农业园区的理念进行规划，找到传统文化与规划的园区之间的“天人合一”的结合效果，达到可持续发展的目的。论述了主题园区表现形式，认为不同层次的主题园区都是围绕着不同的主题把园林要素进行有机的组合，，从而形成一个个有生命力的景观作品。 4．利用观察法、调查问卷法、咨询法等对三类主题园区（工业类型、文体类型、农业类型）的中国传统文化造景元素的应用进行了分析评价。重点以北京汇源果庄主题园区和泰安市滩清湾现代农业科技产业园核心区规划为例对中国传统文化造景元素在主题园区中的应用进行了分析。其中北京汇源果庄主题园区在深度发掘四大文化，即林果田园休闲文化、山水画境文化、汇源企业文化以及四灵文化的基础上，依据文化进行创意。以果树资源为依托，整个园区将文化理念融入到各个景点，各个角落，充分的显示了文化的底蕴。泰安市滩清湾现代农业科技产业园核心区规划是在对园区地形地貌充分勘察的基础上，充分利用自然环境条件，将中国山水文化、大汶口文化、中国农耕文化等融合在园区的规划布局中，将农业生产功能与休闲观光功能有机结合，突出了农业特色和地方文化特色。
[Abstract]:Theme park is a large-scale park with a certain theme (such as leisure agriculture, horticultural exposition, military, sports, etc.) as the main construction subject. It embodies thematic characteristics in landscape design, functional zoning, interactive design and other aspects. Its characteristics are prominent, positioning is clear, with distinct regional characteristics, is a hot spot in the current planning and design of the park. The embodiment of elements is an indispensable part of building a vibrant and characteristic theme park. Whether it is the presentation of colors, the expression of axes or landscape sketches, the design and layout of nodes are all the display and extension of cultural elements. Extract and integrate the available cultural elements and apply them to different space of theme park planning and design, making the design more systematic and characteristic, which is of great significance in the planning and design of various theme parks.
This study mainly uses observation records, questionnaire, literature survey, case analysis and other methods to analyze and discuss the types of several main theme parks from the perspective of the application and extraction of cultural elements, through the extraction of traditional Chinese cultural landscape elements which constitute the park landscape system analysis, in order to provide a theme park design. The theoretical guidance of traditional culture elements is as follows:
1. The Chinese traditional culture is mainly divided into three types: realistic expression, abstract expression and sensory expression. The realistic expression is based on the symbols materialized by the traditional cultural elements tested by history. The main forms of Chinese traditional culture landscape elements can be divided into "shape" and "meaning". The "shape" landscape mainly covers "color, pattern, shape and material" and other parts. The "shape" landscape is blended with the "shape". This paper summarizes the application regularity of traditional Chinese culture landscaping elements through the application examples of traditional culture landscaping elements in the landscape, summarizes the representative elements of traditional Chinese culture landscaping, and divides them into three types combined with the application forms in the park design: direct utilization type. The direct use is to combine the symbols of the materialization of traditional culture organically and display them accurately; the borrowing extension is to use the traditional cultural symbols after fine-tuning as a new "symbol" throughout the design; and the intention expression is not a concrete materialization of the symbols, according to. Landscape design, based on the understanding of traditional culture and the inspiration of a particular occasion, is to create an atmosphere, a scene.
2. Discusses the correspondence between architectural elements, waterscape elements and plant elements and traditional culture, analyzes the expression methods of landscape elements of traditional Chinese culture in the garden elements of theme parks, and puts forward the general points as follows: (1) the expression techniques of architectural elements, the planning of architectural types and the selection of landscape elements in accordance with the theme of the park. Choose the appropriate traditional cultural symbols to express the connotation of architecture, and after choosing the representative symbols, we should consider making the symbols throughout the park's architecture and even the various apparent parts of the building. (2) On the water landscape elements of the expression techniques: according to the traditional Chinese culture of "harmony between man and nature" thinking, in the bank treatment, water toward other landscaping design should be considered. At the same time, make full use of contemporary technology and materials to re-deduce the traditional culture. In the three-dimensional water landscape building, more need to join the traditional cultural elements to render, the traditional water management plus modern means is the basic elements of the construction of water landscape. (3) In the expression of plant elements, attach importance to plants. The personification of cultural expression, with the color of plants and traditional culture rendering. But pay attention to "inheritance, absorption, digestion, innovation."
3. The theme expression and element composition of the theme park are analyzed, and the design idea of the theme park is put forward. The industrial theme park should take discovery-utilization-destruction-restoration as the main line. The new landscape must continue the original context of the site, and the industrial elements and characteristics of the site should be preserved or regenerated in some way. The design concept of the theme park should be aimed at fully tapping the traditional Chinese culture, especially the local characteristic culture. The design concept of the theme park should be based on the agricultural resources, in order to create a city-style appearance integrating agricultural sightseeing, ecological tourism, cultural experience, scientific and technological exhibition, and trade exchanges. Planning for the concept of sightseeing agricultural park can find the combination effect of "nature and man" between traditional culture and the planned park, and achieve the goal of sustainable development.
This paper expounds the forms of theme parks and holds that theme parks at different levels organize the elements of gardens around different themes so as to form a lively landscape works.
4. The application of Chinese traditional culture landscaping elements in three types of theme parks (industrial type, stylistic type, agricultural type) is analyzed and evaluated by using observation method, questionnaire method and consultation method. The application of landscape elements in the theme park is analyzed. In Beijing Huiyuan Guozhuang theme park, the four major cultures are deeply explored, namely, forest and fruit pastoral leisure culture, landscape painting culture, Huiyuan enterprise culture and four spiritual cultures. The planning of the core area of Tanqingwan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Industrial Park in Tai'an City is to integrate Chinese landscape culture, Dawenkou culture and Chinese farming culture into the planning and layout of the park on the basis of full investigation of the topography and landforms of the park and making full use of the natural environment conditions. It combines the function of agricultural production with the function of leisure and sightseeing, highlighting the characteristics of agriculture and local culture.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986

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