基于空间句法的城市森林景观连接度评价方法与案例研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 09:18

【摘要】：为缓解快速城市化造成的物种多样性危机及人地冲突,构建“城市森林”及其他生态景观是近几十年来许多地方普遍采用的方式。城市森林的理念之一是在高密度的人居环境中为物种提供栖息和活动场所。在城市森林及其他生态景观的研究与规划中,结合特定物种(景观使用者)行为的景观连接度问题已得到业界越来越多的重视。然而,在基于物种行为的景观结构的分析和建模方面,包括在如何准确量化真正意义上的“景观连接度”的问题上,学术界尚未达成一致。受到反规划途径中图-底转化思想的启发,本文旨在引入一种全新的功能连接度分析方法和建模方式。空间句法是一套在建筑及城市规划学科中广泛使用的框架体系,其适用对象为人工系统。考虑到自然生态系统中动物行为与人工系统中人类行为在某些方面的相似性,本文本文拟将这种人工智能语言用于基于物种行为的景观连接度建模中,并通过案例研究展示其在景观连接度研究中的优势。鉴于鸟类边缘种偏好的栖息地景观在空间构型上与空间句法轴线图的适用对象具有相似性,本文在具体操作中拟将空间句法轴线图借用于基于鸟类边缘种行为的景观连接度研究。介绍了某类传统连接度量化方法及物种迁移模型,通过文献综述归纳出其局限性,提出基于个体的模型需要改进的方面(例如：在反映个体对不同景观元素差异化的选择,以及在更高尺度上预测物种与景观互动信息方面)；基于反规划的思想,提出将空间句法相关模型引入到“边缘种-栖息地”互动等景观生态学问题的设想,利用空间句法轴线图对贺州城市森林规划进行案例研究。在初步分析了鸟类边缘种偏好景观的“自由空间”后,得出了空间系统的集成度和智能值等参数并进行了相应的解释说明。模拟研究结果以及相应的文献内容展示了轴线图模型在基于行为学的景观连接度研究中的优势,包括能反映物种对不同形态景观元素的移动选择行为并解释其在方向和距离上的差异,可根据物种在邻域范围的感知信息联系其在复合尺度的行为等。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the crisis of species diversity and human-land conflict caused by rapid urbanization, the construction of "urban forest" and other ecological landscape has been widely used in many places in recent decades. One of the concepts of urban forests is to provide habitat and activity for species in high-density human settlements. In the research and planning of urban forest and other ecological landscape, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of landscape connectivity combining the behavior of specific species (landscape users). However, on the analysis and modeling of landscape structure based on species behavior, including how to accurately quantify the "landscape connectivity" in the true sense, the academic community has not reached agreement. Inspired by the idea of graph-bottom transformation in the anti-programming approach, this paper aims to introduce a new method of functional connectivity analysis and modeling. Spatial syntax is a framework system widely used in architecture and urban planning, which is applied to artificial system. Considering the similarity between animal behavior in natural ecosystem and human behavior in artificial system, this paper intends to use this artificial intelligence language in landscape connectivity modeling based on species behavior. And through the case study to show its advantages in the landscape connectivity research. In view of the similarity between the habitat landscape of bird marginal species preference and the applicable objects of spatial syntactic axis map in spatial configuration, In this paper, the spatial syntactic axis map is used to study the landscape connectivity based on the behavior of bird marginal species. This paper introduces some traditional connectivity quantitative methods and species migration models, summarizes their limitations through literature review, and points out the aspects that need to be improved in individual-based models (for example, in reflecting the individual's choice of different landscape elements). On the aspect of predicting the interaction information between species and landscape on a higher scale), based on the idea of anti-planning, this paper puts forward the idea of introducing spatial syntactic correlation model to landscape ecological problems such as "marginal species-habitat" interaction. A case study of urban forest planning in Hezhou is carried out by using spatial syntactic axis map. After the preliminary analysis of the "free space" of bird edge species preference landscape, the integration degree and intelligent value of the space system are obtained and explained accordingly. The simulation results and the corresponding literature contents show the advantages of the axis map model in the behavior-based landscape connectivity study. It can reflect the moving behavior of species to different landscape elements and explain their differences in direction and distance. It can relate the behavior of species in the composite scale according to the perception information of species in the neighborhood.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU985.12

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