板状结构损伤超声导波监测及诊断技术
发布时间：2018-08-27 20:33
【摘要】：结构健康监测在航空航天、土木和机械等领域具有广泛应用。对于主动监测,超声导波中的Lamb波由于传播衰减小、检测范围广、对小损伤敏感,且在无损检测领域应用时间长、技术较为成熟,可以被很好的应用到板状结构健康监测中。本文在板状结构超声导波传播理论基础上,进行了板状结构损伤超声导波数值模拟,得到了其传播规律。在此基础上,研究了损伤位置定位方法,并对超声导波传感元件温度效应进行了理论与实验分析。其主要研究内容如下： 在板状结构超声导波传播理论基础上,分析了不同导波模态对其损伤测试的影响；基于板状结构超声导波频散曲线,优选了其激发频率；讨论了压电陶瓷片与板之间耦合层的界面剪切机制、Lamb波在板中传播的频散及空间位移表达；利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了板状结构损伤超声导波传播二维及其三维有限元模型,对不同模型导波传播规律进行了详细分析与讨论,并验证了该模型的有效性。 损伤定位识别是结构健康监测的主要目的之一。Lamb波遇到损伤所发生的损伤散射信号包含了损伤位置、程度和类型等信息,通过对损伤散射信号的分析处理,可以实现对损伤的定位和识别。本文基于时差定位算法,通过提取缺陷回波的峰值到达时间,利用四点圆弧定位方法计算激励、传感与损伤之间的几何关系,在精确计算差信号时间延迟的基础上对板中损伤进行了定位识别。 理论研究表明,压电陶瓷元件具有温度效应,这种效应使得传感信号在一定程度上受到温度的影响。本文介绍了压电传感器等效电容与温度的关系,分析出温度通过影响压电传感器的等效电容从而影响压电传感器的输出电压,通过实验验证了温度对传感信号的幅值的影响,得出了二者的变化关系曲线,并作了相应解释。 以上研究表明,本文所建立的有限元模型可以很好的模拟Lamb波在板中的传播,从而为进一步的研究提供了一个方便有力的工具；对于板状结构的损伤定位,四点圆弧定位法具有较高的定位精度,适合于板结构的损伤定位；温度效应对传感器传感信号的幅值有着较大的影响,两者之间存在着一定的函数关系。
[Abstract]:Structural health monitoring is widely used in aerospace, civil and mechanical fields. For active monitoring, the Lamb wave in ultrasonic guided wave has the advantages of small propagation attenuation, wide detection range, sensitive to small damage, long application time and mature technology in the field of nondestructive testing, so it can be well applied to the health monitoring of plate structure. Based on the theory of ultrasonic guided wave propagation of plate structure, the numerical simulation of ultrasonic guided wave of plate structure is carried out, and the propagation law is obtained. On this basis, the damage location method is studied, and the temperature effect of ultrasonic guided wave sensor is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The main research contents are as follows: based on the theory of ultrasonic guided wave propagation of plate structure, the influence of different guided wave modes on its damage testing is analyzed, and the excitation frequency is selected based on the ultrasonic guided wave dispersion curve of plate structure. The interfacial shear mechanism of coupling layer between piezoelectric ceramic plate and plate is discussed. The dispersion and spatial displacement of Lamb wave propagating in the plate are discussed, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models of ultrasonic guided wave propagation of plate structure are established by using ABAQUS finite element software. The propagation law of guided wave in different models is analyzed and discussed in detail, and the validity of the model is verified. Damage location identification is one of the main purposes of structural health monitoring. The damage scattering signal caused by Lamb wave damage includes the information of damage location, degree and type, and the damage scattering signal is analyzed and processed. The damage location and identification can be realized. In this paper, based on the time difference localization algorithm, the peak arrival time of the defect echo is extracted, and the geometric relationship between the excitation, sensing and damage is calculated by using the four-point circular arc localization method. On the basis of accurately calculating the time delay of differential signal, the damage in the plate is located and identified. The theoretical study shows that the piezoelectric ceramic element has temperature effect, which makes the sensing signal affected by temperature to a certain extent. In this paper, the relationship between equivalent capacitance and temperature of piezoelectric sensor is introduced. The effect of temperature on the output voltage of piezoelectric sensor is analyzed by influencing the equivalent capacitance of piezoelectric sensor. The effect of temperature on the amplitude of sensor signal is verified by experiments. The curve of the relationship between the two is obtained, and the corresponding explanation is given. The above results show that the finite element model established in this paper can simulate the propagation of Lamb waves in the plate well, which provides a convenient and powerful tool for further research. The four-point circular arc positioning method has a high accuracy and is suitable for the damage location of the plate structure, and the temperature effect has a great influence on the amplitude of the sensor signal, and there is a certain functional relationship between the two.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU317
本文编号：2208378
[Abstract]:Structural health monitoring is widely used in aerospace, civil and mechanical fields. For active monitoring, the Lamb wave in ultrasonic guided wave has the advantages of small propagation attenuation, wide detection range, sensitive to small damage, long application time and mature technology in the field of nondestructive testing, so it can be well applied to the health monitoring of plate structure. Based on the theory of ultrasonic guided wave propagation of plate structure, the numerical simulation of ultrasonic guided wave of plate structure is carried out, and the propagation law is obtained. On this basis, the damage location method is studied, and the temperature effect of ultrasonic guided wave sensor is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The main research contents are as follows: based on the theory of ultrasonic guided wave propagation of plate structure, the influence of different guided wave modes on its damage testing is analyzed, and the excitation frequency is selected based on the ultrasonic guided wave dispersion curve of plate structure. The interfacial shear mechanism of coupling layer between piezoelectric ceramic plate and plate is discussed. The dispersion and spatial displacement of Lamb wave propagating in the plate are discussed, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models of ultrasonic guided wave propagation of plate structure are established by using ABAQUS finite element software. The propagation law of guided wave in different models is analyzed and discussed in detail, and the validity of the model is verified. Damage location identification is one of the main purposes of structural health monitoring. The damage scattering signal caused by Lamb wave damage includes the information of damage location, degree and type, and the damage scattering signal is analyzed and processed. The damage location and identification can be realized. In this paper, based on the time difference localization algorithm, the peak arrival time of the defect echo is extracted, and the geometric relationship between the excitation, sensing and damage is calculated by using the four-point circular arc localization method. On the basis of accurately calculating the time delay of differential signal, the damage in the plate is located and identified. The theoretical study shows that the piezoelectric ceramic element has temperature effect, which makes the sensing signal affected by temperature to a certain extent. In this paper, the relationship between equivalent capacitance and temperature of piezoelectric sensor is introduced. The effect of temperature on the output voltage of piezoelectric sensor is analyzed by influencing the equivalent capacitance of piezoelectric sensor. The effect of temperature on the amplitude of sensor signal is verified by experiments. The curve of the relationship between the two is obtained, and the corresponding explanation is given. The above results show that the finite element model established in this paper can simulate the propagation of Lamb waves in the plate well, which provides a convenient and powerful tool for further research. The four-point circular arc positioning method has a high accuracy and is suitable for the damage location of the plate structure, and the temperature effect has a great influence on the amplitude of the sensor signal, and there is a certain functional relationship between the two.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU317
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