城镇住宅建筑能耗指标分级标准体系的基础研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 15:12
【摘要】：当前，我国新建城镇住宅建筑按照国家建筑节能设计标准设计建造，符合国家建筑节能标准，但是，由于生活质量的提高，人均住房面积的增加，导致人均建筑能耗和户均建筑能耗的差异性扩大。控制建筑能耗的增长，根本途径在于设计建造低能耗的建筑物。由于住宅建筑的质量等级有所差别，造成了不同质量等级建筑的人均能耗差异巨大。20%的高收入人群大约消耗了40%的能源。因此，控制建筑能耗的增长，应该对不同质量等级的住宅建筑实行不同的节能标准，使高能耗建筑的节能责任更大。 我国公民有平等地使用能源的权利，住宅建筑的能耗也是和人的活动密切联系的，因此，要研究建筑能耗使用的公平性，不能撇开人均能耗这个指标。作者针对不同质量等级的住宅建筑的能耗问题，开展了大量研究，尝试对不同质量等级的住宅建筑进行能耗指标的分级，以实现能源使用的公平性。 作者以西安市的既有住宅建筑为例，选取不同年代、不同面积和不同构造的住宅建筑作为样本，对既有数据、图纸进行整理编订，实地调研住宅建筑的热工参数、住户的收入情况和家庭人口数量等等。通过对不同质量等级典型建筑的热工性能和能耗指标现场测试、计算和模拟分析，建立了不同质量等级住宅建筑单位面积耗热量指标的分布规律。在此基础上，结合居民生活现状分析城镇住宅建筑的单位面积耗热量指标以及人均和户均耗热量指标的分布特征和规律，运用公平理论和需求层次理论，参考阶梯电价的方法和原理，初步为城镇住宅建筑的能耗指标做出了分级。得到主要研究成果如下： 1．随着建筑技术的提高，建筑物单位面积的耗热量指标下降。单位面积的耗热量指标和住宅建筑的构造、建筑技术关系密切。 2．以西安市为例，占人口比例80%的人群，单位面积人均能耗指标是3Kw·h/m~2·人·年，，占人口比例为15%的人群，单位面积人均耗热量指标是3-3.5Kw·h/m~2·人·年，占人口比例为6%的人群，单位面积人均耗热量指标在3.5-4Kw·h/m~2·人·年。 3．以西安市为例，占人口比例80%的人群是中、低收入人群，20%的人群是高收入人群，根据测算和换算，单位面积人均耗热量指标，随着住宅面积的增加而增加。我们调研的住宅面积，也随着户均收入和人均收入的增加而增加。城镇住宅建筑的单位面积人均耗热量指标与各户经济收入之间呈正比关系。 4．根据研究结果，依据单位面积人均耗热量指标，将城镇住宅建筑耗热量指标做出如下分级： 第一级：单位面积人均能耗在大于1Kw·h/m~2·人·年小于3Kw·h/m~2·人的，为第一级，此为基准建筑能耗指标，在此能耗指标区间的，不加收能耗使用费； 第二级：单位面积人均能耗在3-3.5Kw·h/m~2·人·年以上的，为第二级，在此能耗指标区间的，加收能耗使用费10%； 第三级：单位面积人均能耗在3.5-4Kw·h/m~2·人·年以上的，为第三级，在此能耗指标区间的，再加收能耗使用费10%； 补贴级：单位面积人均能耗小于1Kw·h/m~2·人·年的，为补贴级，在此能耗指标以下，不但不加收能耗使用费，相反还应该进行能耗补贴。 5．依据分级研究成果，对我国建筑节能技术标准体系和法律体系的完善提出了立法建议。 本文通过对城镇住宅建筑能耗指标的分级研究，可以为相关建筑设计规范的制定提供指导，对单位面积人均耗热量指标超过社会平均值的大户型建筑提出了更高的节能指标要求，以利于实现能源使用的真正公平。通过这些措施，可以有效降低高能耗人群的建筑能耗，控制未来新增建筑的能耗增长，实现建筑节能的目标。 此外，本文的研究成果还可以为立法机关提供一定的立法技术支持。以研究成果推动立法机关制定具有强制执行力的规范性文件，对促进建筑节能法律体系的完善同样具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:At present, the newly-built residential buildings in our country are designed and constructed according to the national building energy-saving design standard, which conforms to the national building energy-saving standard. However, due to the improvement of the quality of life and the increase of the per capita housing area, the difference between the per capita building energy consumption and the per household building energy consumption is enlarged. Build buildings with low energy consumption. Because of the difference in the quality of residential buildings, there is a huge difference in energy consumption per capita between different quality buildings. 20% of high-income people consume about 40% of energy. Therefore, to control the growth of building energy consumption, different energy-saving standards should be adopted for different quality residential buildings, so as to achieve high energy consumption. Building energy conservation is more responsible.
Citizens in China have equal rights to use energy, and energy consumption of residential buildings is closely related to human activities. Therefore, to study the fairness of building energy consumption, the index of per capita energy consumption can not be ignored. The energy consumption index of residential buildings is classified to achieve equity in energy use.
Taking the existing residential buildings in Xi'an as an example, the author chooses the residential buildings of different ages, areas and structures as samples, arranges and compiles the existing data and drawings, investigates the thermal parameters of residential buildings, household income and the number of household population and so on. Based on the field test, calculation and simulation analysis of performance and energy consumption index, the distribution law of heat consumption index per unit area of residential buildings with different quality grades is established. According to the theory of equity and hierarchy of demand and the method and principle of ladder electricity price, the energy consumption index of urban residential buildings is graded preliminarily.
1. With the improvement of building technology, the index of heat consumption per unit area of buildings decreases. The index of heat consumption per unit area is closely related to the structure of residential buildings and building technology.
2. Taking Xi'an as an example, the energy consumption per capita per unit area is 3 Kw 65507
3. Take Xi'an as an example, 80% of the population is middle, low-income people, 20% of the population is high-income people, according to the calculation and conversion, the per capita heat consumption index per unit area increases with the increase of residential area. The per capita heat consumption per unit area is directly proportional to the household income.
4. According to the research results, according to the per capita heat consumption index per unit area, the heat consumption index of urban residential buildings is classified as follows:
The first level: per capita energy consumption per unit area is greater than 1 Kw H / m~2 per person year less than 3 Kw H / m~2 per person, which is the first level. This is the benchmark building energy consumption index. In this energy consumption index range, no energy consumption use fee is added.
The second level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area is more than 3-3.5Kw.h/m 2.per person per year, and the second level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
The third level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area of 3.5-4 Kw H / m~2 person year or more is the third level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
Subsidy level: If the per capita energy consumption per unit area is less than 1 Kw h m~2 per person year, it is a subsidy level. Under this energy consumption index, not only no energy consumption fee is added, but also energy consumption subsidies should be carried out.
5. Based on the results of grading research, legislative suggestions are put forward to improve the technical standard system and legal system of building energy conservation in China.
Through the grading research on energy consumption index of urban residential buildings, this paper can provide guidance for the formulation of relevant architectural design norms, and put forward higher energy-saving index requirements for large-scale buildings whose per capita heat consumption index exceeds the social average in order to realize the real fairness of energy use. It can effectively reduce the building energy consumption of high-energy-consuming people, control the energy consumption growth of new buildings in the future, and achieve the goal of building energy conservation.
In addition, the research results of this paper can also provide some legislative technical support for the legislature. To promote the legislature to formulate mandatory normative documents is also of great significance to promote the improvement of building energy-saving legal system.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241;TU111.195
本文编号：2217573
[Abstract]:At present, the newly-built residential buildings in our country are designed and constructed according to the national building energy-saving design standard, which conforms to the national building energy-saving standard. However, due to the improvement of the quality of life and the increase of the per capita housing area, the difference between the per capita building energy consumption and the per household building energy consumption is enlarged. Build buildings with low energy consumption. Because of the difference in the quality of residential buildings, there is a huge difference in energy consumption per capita between different quality buildings. 20% of high-income people consume about 40% of energy. Therefore, to control the growth of building energy consumption, different energy-saving standards should be adopted for different quality residential buildings, so as to achieve high energy consumption. Building energy conservation is more responsible.
Citizens in China have equal rights to use energy, and energy consumption of residential buildings is closely related to human activities. Therefore, to study the fairness of building energy consumption, the index of per capita energy consumption can not be ignored. The energy consumption index of residential buildings is classified to achieve equity in energy use.
Taking the existing residential buildings in Xi'an as an example, the author chooses the residential buildings of different ages, areas and structures as samples, arranges and compiles the existing data and drawings, investigates the thermal parameters of residential buildings, household income and the number of household population and so on. Based on the field test, calculation and simulation analysis of performance and energy consumption index, the distribution law of heat consumption index per unit area of residential buildings with different quality grades is established. According to the theory of equity and hierarchy of demand and the method and principle of ladder electricity price, the energy consumption index of urban residential buildings is graded preliminarily.
1. With the improvement of building technology, the index of heat consumption per unit area of buildings decreases. The index of heat consumption per unit area is closely related to the structure of residential buildings and building technology.
2. Taking Xi'an as an example, the energy consumption per capita per unit area is 3 Kw 65507
3. Take Xi'an as an example, 80% of the population is middle, low-income people, 20% of the population is high-income people, according to the calculation and conversion, the per capita heat consumption index per unit area increases with the increase of residential area. The per capita heat consumption per unit area is directly proportional to the household income.
4. According to the research results, according to the per capita heat consumption index per unit area, the heat consumption index of urban residential buildings is classified as follows:
The first level: per capita energy consumption per unit area is greater than 1 Kw H / m~2 per person year less than 3 Kw H / m~2 per person, which is the first level. This is the benchmark building energy consumption index. In this energy consumption index range, no energy consumption use fee is added.
The second level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area is more than 3-3.5Kw.h/m 2.per person per year, and the second level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
The third level: the per capita energy consumption per unit area of 3.5-4 Kw H / m~2 person year or more is the third level. In this energy consumption index range, 10% of the energy consumption is charged.
Subsidy level: If the per capita energy consumption per unit area is less than 1 Kw h m~2 per person year, it is a subsidy level. Under this energy consumption index, not only no energy consumption fee is added, but also energy consumption subsidies should be carried out.
5. Based on the results of grading research, legislative suggestions are put forward to improve the technical standard system and legal system of building energy conservation in China.
Through the grading research on energy consumption index of urban residential buildings, this paper can provide guidance for the formulation of relevant architectural design norms, and put forward higher energy-saving index requirements for large-scale buildings whose per capita heat consumption index exceeds the social average in order to realize the real fairness of energy use. It can effectively reduce the building energy consumption of high-energy-consuming people, control the energy consumption growth of new buildings in the future, and achieve the goal of building energy conservation.
In addition, the research results of this paper can also provide some legislative technical support for the legislature. To promote the legislature to formulate mandatory normative documents is also of great significance to promote the improvement of building energy-saving legal system.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241;TU111.195
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