自燃煤矸石在水泥、混凝土及路基中应用的试验研究及机理分析
发布时间：2018-09-05 13:02
【摘要】：中国是一个以煤炭为主要能源的发展中国家,在一次性能源消耗中,煤炭占70%以上,并且在今后相当长的一段时期内,中国的能源结构仍将不会改变。人民在享受着煤炭作为能源所带来的利益的同时,也正遭受着煤矸石自燃、堆放以及煤矸石山溃塌等所带来的空气污染、水体污染、占用耕地,甚至导致人民生命财产损失等问题的困扰。 本着“物尽其用、就地取材”的原则,论文以自燃煤矸石具有活性及岩性为主线,从基于煤矸石物化性能、自燃煤矸石活化机理、自燃煤矸石水泥活性混合材料、自燃煤矸石轻集料混凝土、自燃煤矸石地质聚合材料、自燃煤矸石固土材料几个方面阐述煤矸石在建材领域综合利用的理论问题与应用技术问题,力求全方位、立体化应用煤矸石。论文主要研究以下几方面内容： (1)通过对自燃煤矸石基本性质的试验,了解辽宁省阜新矿区自燃煤矸石的物理化学特性、矿物组成及力学特性,从而确定自燃煤矸石在水泥、混凝土及路基中资源化利用的可能性。 (2)采用机械激活、化学激活相结合的复合方法对自燃煤矸石进行活性激发。基于正交试验设计方法,探讨利用阜新矿区自燃煤矸石制备自燃煤矸石硅酸盐水泥的可行性并给出最佳配合比范围及具体制备方法。 (3)利用自燃煤矸石为主要原材料生产21世纪的绿色胶凝材料—地质聚合物,为煤矸石的综合利用提供新的应用领域。主要研究碱激发剂配体对地质聚合物性能的激发作用,通过试验及数理分析优化自燃煤矸石-矿渣-粉煤灰地质聚合物配合比,并验证其胶砂强度等水泥的主要技术性质指标的可靠性。 (4)采用人工级配自燃煤矸砂及煤矸石,以自燃煤矸石硅酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料,基于轻集料混凝土配合比设计方法,分别配制不同强度等级的自燃煤矸石粗-细集料的混凝土。并与普通硅酸盐水泥配制的自燃煤矸石集料混凝土进行工作性、强度等对比,探讨并分析煤矸石集料配制的混凝土工作特性和力学性能,研究了大掺量煤矸石在混凝土中应用的可行性。 (5)通过石灰-粉煤灰-水泥改良自燃煤矸石混合料作为路基材料,使其成为规模化消纳煤矸石的有效技术途径。首先通过对石灰-粉煤灰改良自燃煤矸石混合料的配合比设计、饱水无侧限抗压强度、击实特性等研究,分析了二灰稳定自燃煤矸石混合料作为路基材料的可能性及强度形成机理。考虑二灰稳定的煤矸石混合料不能很好满足北方地区的抗冻要求。通过不同掺量水泥的对比试验,研究“三灰”稳定自燃煤矸石混合料耐久性性最佳配合比,为工程应用提供了参考,并进行机理分析。 (6)利用有限元分析计算方法,在FLAC3D软件平台上,模拟研究不同车载作用下,煤矸石路基沉降变形、塑性区分布、应力分布等特征的变化规律,以此综合分析煤矸石路基的可靠性。 得出以下几点主要结论： (1)自燃煤矸石的“质”—富含氧化硅和氧化铝以及“量”—大宗性,使自燃煤矸石与建筑材料在“质”和“量”具有双重近似性,从而决定了自燃煤矸石在水泥、混凝土及固土材料中资源化是实现煤矸石规模化高附加值利用最为有效的技术途径。 (2)自燃煤矸石在混凝土和路基材料中应用是可行的。但由于材质特性,存在级配缺陷,需要破碎筛选后才能满足颗粒级配要求；煤矸石与一般的碎石相比,其水稳性较差；通过探讨自燃煤矸石CBR值的试验结果可知红矸石和灰矸石均能满足路用材料的强度要求。 (3)对比试验表明煤矸石的活性远高于普通的人工砂,细度对试块强度的影响最大。阜新矿区自燃煤矸石通过机械和化学的激活,可以作为活性混合材料制备煤矸石硅酸盐水泥,当自燃煤矸石：矿渣：石膏：普通硅酸盐水泥为25：10：3：62时,自燃煤矸石硅酸盐水泥的强度达到最大。 (4)自燃煤矸石-矿渣-粉煤灰地质聚合物最佳配体：种类为水玻璃和氢氧化钾,比例为1：1。通过二次响应曲面试验及回归分析,确定了水玻璃模数和激发剂掺量与胶砂强度之间的定量关系。水玻璃模数中最优为1.0；激发剂掺量最优为22.6%(占胶凝材料)。 (5)将自燃煤矸石硅酸盐水泥、颗粒级配良好的自燃煤矸石粗细集料制备自燃煤矸全集料混凝土,证明了大掺量自燃煤矸石制备混凝土的可行性；通过对比试验及分析得到集料的配比存在“契合效应”,使混凝土的强度得以提高。 (6)煤矸石路基混合料的无侧限保水抗压强度满足规范要求,但强度较低不稳定；当水泥掺量达到3%时,水泥改良二灰煤矸石混合料试件的抗冻效果最好。 (7)基于FLAC3D数值模拟,通过对沉降变形、应力分布、塑性区分布的变化规律的分析,证明了水泥改良二灰煤矸石路基的优越性。
[Abstract]:China is a developing country with coal as its main energy source. Coal accounts for more than 70% of primary energy consumption, and its energy structure will remain unchanged for a long time to come. The air pollution, water pollution, occupation of farmland, and even loss of life and property caused by the collapse of gangue hills.
In line with the principle of "make the best use of the material, get material locally", the paper takes the activity and lithology of spontaneous combustion coal gangue as the main line, from the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue, spontaneous combustion coal gangue activation mechanism, spontaneous combustion coal gangue cement active mixing material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue lightweight aggregate concrete, spontaneous combustion coal gangue geopolymer material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue soil-consolidation material several. This paper expounds the theoretical and applied technical problems of the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in the field of building materials, and strives to apply Coal Gangue in an all-round and three-dimensional way.
(1) By testing the basic properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue, the physical and chemical characteristics, mineral composition and mechanical properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in Fuxin mining area of Liaoning Province are understood, so as to determine the possibility of utilization of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in cement, concrete and roadbed.
(2) Activation of spontaneous combustion gangue was carried out by the combination of mechanical activation and chemical activation. Based on the orthogonal experimental design method, the feasibility of preparing spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement from spontaneous combustion gangue in Fuxin mining area was discussed, and the optimum mix ratio range and specific preparation method were given.
(3) Using spontaneous combustion gangue as the main raw material to produce the green cementitious material-geopolymer in the 21st century, which provides a new application field for the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue. This paper mainly studies the excitation effect of alkali activator ligand on the properties of geopolymer, and optimizes the geopolymer of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly ash by experiment and mathematical analysis. The reliability of main technical properties of cement such as mortar strength is verified by mixing ratio.
(4) Coal gangue coarse-fine aggregate concrete with different strength grades is prepared by using artificial graded spontaneous combustion gangue and coal gangue, using spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement as cementing material and based on the mix proportion design method of lightweight aggregate concrete. The working characteristics and mechanical properties of concrete made of coal gangue aggregate are discussed and analyzed, and the feasibility of applying large amount of coal gangue in concrete is studied.
(5) By using lime-fly ash-cement modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture as roadbed material, making it an effective technical approach to large-scale absorption of coal gangue. Firstly, through the lime-fly ash modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture mix proportion design, water-saturated unconfined compressive strength, compaction characteristics and other research, analysis of lime-fly ash stabilized spontaneous combustion coal. The possibility and strength forming mechanism of gangue mixture as roadbed material are discussed.Considering the stability of fly ash and gangue mixture can not satisfy the frost resistance requirement of the north area very well.Through the contrast test of different cement content,the optimum durability ratio of the mixture is studied,which provides a reference for engineering application. And carry out mechanism analysis.
(6) Based on the FLAC3D software platform, the finite element analysis method is used to simulate and study the variation law of settlement deformation, plastic zone distribution, stress distribution and other characteristics of coal gangue subgrade under different vehicle loads, so as to comprehensively analyze the reliability of coal gangue subgrade.
The following conclusions are drawn:
(1) The "quality" - rich in silicon oxide and alumina, and "quantity" - of spontaneous combustion gangue make the "quality" and "quantity" of spontaneous combustion gangue and building materials have double approximation, which determines that the resourcefulness of spontaneous combustion gangue in cement, concrete and soil-fixing materials is the best way to realize large-scale high value-added utilization of coal gangue. Effective technical approaches.
(2) The application of spontaneous combustion gangue in concrete and subgrade materials is feasible. However, due to the material properties and gradation defects, it is necessary to break and screen the gangue to meet the requirement of particle gradation; the water stability of coal gangue is worse than that of common macadam; the CBR value of spontaneous combustion gangue is tested to show that both red gangue and lime gangue can be used. Meet the strength requirements of road materials.
(3) Contrast tests show that the activity of coal gangue is much higher than that of common artificial sand, and the fineness has the greatest influence on the strength of the test block.Fuxin spontaneous combustion coal gangue can be used as an active mixture material to prepare coal gangue Portland cement through mechanical and chemical activation, when spontaneous combustion coal gangue: slag: gypsum: ordinary Portland cement is 25:10:3. At 62, the strength of self ignite gangue Portland cement reached the maximum.
(4) The optimum ligands of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly Ash Geopolymer are sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide in the ratio of 1:1. The quantitative relationship between the modulus of sodium silicate and the amount of activator and the strength of mortar is determined by quadratic response surface test and regression analysis. 6% (accounting for cementitious materials).
(5) The self-ignited coal gangue Portland cement with fine and coarse aggregate with good particle gradation is used to prepare the self-ignited coal gangue concrete, which proves the feasibility of using large amount of self-ignited coal gangue to prepare concrete.
(6) The unconfined water-holding and compressive strength of coal gangue roadbed mixture meets the requirements of the code, but the strength is low and unstable; when the cement content reaches 3%, the frost-resistant effect of cement modified fly ash coal gangue mixture is the best.
(7) Based on FLAC3D numerical simulation, through the analysis of settlement deformation, stress distribution and plastic zone distribution, the superiority of cement to improve lime-fly ash gangue subgrade is proved.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X752;TU52
本文编号：2224356
[Abstract]:China is a developing country with coal as its main energy source. Coal accounts for more than 70% of primary energy consumption, and its energy structure will remain unchanged for a long time to come. The air pollution, water pollution, occupation of farmland, and even loss of life and property caused by the collapse of gangue hills.
In line with the principle of "make the best use of the material, get material locally", the paper takes the activity and lithology of spontaneous combustion coal gangue as the main line, from the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue, spontaneous combustion coal gangue activation mechanism, spontaneous combustion coal gangue cement active mixing material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue lightweight aggregate concrete, spontaneous combustion coal gangue geopolymer material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue soil-consolidation material several. This paper expounds the theoretical and applied technical problems of the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in the field of building materials, and strives to apply Coal Gangue in an all-round and three-dimensional way.
(1) By testing the basic properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue, the physical and chemical characteristics, mineral composition and mechanical properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in Fuxin mining area of Liaoning Province are understood, so as to determine the possibility of utilization of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in cement, concrete and roadbed.
(2) Activation of spontaneous combustion gangue was carried out by the combination of mechanical activation and chemical activation. Based on the orthogonal experimental design method, the feasibility of preparing spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement from spontaneous combustion gangue in Fuxin mining area was discussed, and the optimum mix ratio range and specific preparation method were given.
(3) Using spontaneous combustion gangue as the main raw material to produce the green cementitious material-geopolymer in the 21st century, which provides a new application field for the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue. This paper mainly studies the excitation effect of alkali activator ligand on the properties of geopolymer, and optimizes the geopolymer of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly ash by experiment and mathematical analysis. The reliability of main technical properties of cement such as mortar strength is verified by mixing ratio.
(4) Coal gangue coarse-fine aggregate concrete with different strength grades is prepared by using artificial graded spontaneous combustion gangue and coal gangue, using spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement as cementing material and based on the mix proportion design method of lightweight aggregate concrete. The working characteristics and mechanical properties of concrete made of coal gangue aggregate are discussed and analyzed, and the feasibility of applying large amount of coal gangue in concrete is studied.
(5) By using lime-fly ash-cement modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture as roadbed material, making it an effective technical approach to large-scale absorption of coal gangue. Firstly, through the lime-fly ash modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture mix proportion design, water-saturated unconfined compressive strength, compaction characteristics and other research, analysis of lime-fly ash stabilized spontaneous combustion coal. The possibility and strength forming mechanism of gangue mixture as roadbed material are discussed.Considering the stability of fly ash and gangue mixture can not satisfy the frost resistance requirement of the north area very well.Through the contrast test of different cement content,the optimum durability ratio of the mixture is studied,which provides a reference for engineering application. And carry out mechanism analysis.
(6) Based on the FLAC3D software platform, the finite element analysis method is used to simulate and study the variation law of settlement deformation, plastic zone distribution, stress distribution and other characteristics of coal gangue subgrade under different vehicle loads, so as to comprehensively analyze the reliability of coal gangue subgrade.
The following conclusions are drawn:
(1) The "quality" - rich in silicon oxide and alumina, and "quantity" - of spontaneous combustion gangue make the "quality" and "quantity" of spontaneous combustion gangue and building materials have double approximation, which determines that the resourcefulness of spontaneous combustion gangue in cement, concrete and soil-fixing materials is the best way to realize large-scale high value-added utilization of coal gangue. Effective technical approaches.
(2) The application of spontaneous combustion gangue in concrete and subgrade materials is feasible. However, due to the material properties and gradation defects, it is necessary to break and screen the gangue to meet the requirement of particle gradation; the water stability of coal gangue is worse than that of common macadam; the CBR value of spontaneous combustion gangue is tested to show that both red gangue and lime gangue can be used. Meet the strength requirements of road materials.
(3) Contrast tests show that the activity of coal gangue is much higher than that of common artificial sand, and the fineness has the greatest influence on the strength of the test block.Fuxin spontaneous combustion coal gangue can be used as an active mixture material to prepare coal gangue Portland cement through mechanical and chemical activation, when spontaneous combustion coal gangue: slag: gypsum: ordinary Portland cement is 25:10:3. At 62, the strength of self ignite gangue Portland cement reached the maximum.
(4) The optimum ligands of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly Ash Geopolymer are sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide in the ratio of 1:1. The quantitative relationship between the modulus of sodium silicate and the amount of activator and the strength of mortar is determined by quadratic response surface test and regression analysis. 6% (accounting for cementitious materials).
(5) The self-ignited coal gangue Portland cement with fine and coarse aggregate with good particle gradation is used to prepare the self-ignited coal gangue concrete, which proves the feasibility of using large amount of self-ignited coal gangue to prepare concrete.
(6) The unconfined water-holding and compressive strength of coal gangue roadbed mixture meets the requirements of the code, but the strength is low and unstable; when the cement content reaches 3%, the frost-resistant effect of cement modified fly ash coal gangue mixture is the best.
(7) Based on FLAC3D numerical simulation, through the analysis of settlement deformation, stress distribution and plastic zone distribution, the superiority of cement to improve lime-fly ash gangue subgrade is proved.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X752;TU52
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