开式冷水型转轮除湿空调理论与实验研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 15:05

【摘要】：转轮式除湿空调是进行生产和生活环境湿度调节、实现温湿度独立控制的有效方式。如何提高能量转换利用效率、增强热湿处理能力是转轮式除湿空调研究的重要方向。本文针对传统转轮式除湿空调性能系数受限以及显热处理能力不足的问题，提出了“开式冷水型转轮除湿空调”，结合了等温除湿可以最小化干燥除湿过程的不可逆损失和再生式蒸发冷却理想情况下趋于可逆的特性，在干燥除湿的同时，输出较低温度冷水，不仅可以改善显热处理能力，而且利于实现由低品位热能驱动的温湿度独立控制。本文具体工作如下：首先，对典型通风式转轮除湿空调循环进行热力学分析，形成了适用于转轮式除湿空调的热力学分析方法和评价指标。在此基础上，针对传统转轮式除湿空调热力性能受限以及显热处理能力不足的问题，提出了基于等温除湿和再生式蒸发冷却的开式冷水型转轮除湿空调循环。其空调方式是通过两级转轮除湿过程对空气进行潜热负荷处理，显热负荷的处理则是利用修正的再生式蒸发冷却过程制取冷冻水实现。从循环形式上讲，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调与传统两级转轮混合式除湿空调具有相似性，都是先通过两级转轮除湿过程对空气进行潜热负荷处理，再对空气进行显热负荷处理；主要区别在于显热负荷的处理方式，两级转轮混合式除湿空调是引入空气源热泵等传统空调设备，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调则采用以低品位热能驱动所制取的低温冷水。与传统转轮式除湿空调相比，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的制冷空调能力和能量利用效率均得以大幅提升。能量利用效率相当的情况下，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调较之两级转轮除湿空调，送风比火用增大约10%。与两级转轮混合式除湿空调相比，相同送风状态和制冷量条件下，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的热力性能系数和火用效率提高约30%。其次，对开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的近似空调系统——基于两级转轮除湿和空气源热泵的混合式空调进行研究，通过典型工况下的实验测试、季节性热力性能分析以及适用性讨论，探明了该类型空调系统的运行特性，为后续开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的研究奠定了可行性基础和参照，同时也为两级转轮混合式除湿空调在太阳能等低品位热能利用方面提供了支持。高湿气候条件下，独立的太阳能两级转轮除湿空调通常只能进行潜热负荷处理，难以实现显热负荷处理，需要引入辅助冷却设备，组成太阳能两级转轮混合式除湿空调。两级转轮混合式除湿空调以太阳能驱动时，不仅能量利用效率高，而且具有良好的适用性。典型气候条件下，混合式除湿空调系统的夏季平均热力性能系数在0.9左右，相应太阳能贡献率和节电率在30%左右。第三，，搭建了开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的实验装置，对基于两级转轮除湿和再生式蒸发冷却的冷冻水制取过程进行实验测试，并比较分析新型开式冷水型转轮除湿空调与传统两级转轮除湿空调的热力性能，完成了对开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的可行性实验验证。测试结果表明，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调所制取的冷水能有效地实现显热负荷处理，可以成为两级转轮混合式除湿空调的一种替代。独立冷冻水制取系统的热力性能系数为0.3～0.6，平均供水温度为15.1～20.7oC。开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的热力性能系数为0.8～0.9，送风含湿量相同的情况下，其送风温度较之传统两级转轮除湿空调大大降低，特别是在湿润和高湿工况下，传统系统显热处理能力不足，有效制冷量较小，需要更高品位的热能驱动才能实现独立运行，而新型系统则克服了这一问题，更加有利于低品位热能的利用。最后，在理论分析和实验研究的基础上，建立了开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的数学模型，并对开式冷水型转轮除湿空调的热质传递特性、可及处理区域和热湿处理能力进行了分析，比较了开式冷水型转轮除湿空调和传统两级转轮除湿空调热湿处理能力的差异，明确了新型空调方式在热湿处理能力（特别是显热处理能力）方面的改善程度。可及处理区域分析表明，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调具有良好的适用性，50～90oC热源基本可以满足温和、湿润和高湿气候下的驱动要求。与传统转轮式除湿空调相比，开式冷水型转轮除湿空调在显热负荷处理方面具有极大的优势，有利于突破传统系统所固有的（尤其是高湿工况下）显热处理能力不足的限制。
[Abstract]:Runner dehumidification air conditioning is an effective way to adjust the humidity of production and living environment and realize the independent control of temperature and humidity.How to improve the efficiency of energy conversion and enhance the capacity of heat and humidity treatment is an important research direction of runner dehumidification air conditioning. In order to solve the problem, an "open-type cold-water type runner dehumidification air conditioner" is proposed, which combines the characteristics that isothermal dehumidification can minimize the irreversible loss of drying and dehumidification process and that regenerative evaporative cooling tends to be reversible under ideal conditions. Independent control of temperature and humidity is driven by low-grade thermal energy.
Firstly, the thermodynamic analysis of the typical ventilated runner dehumidification air conditioning cycle is carried out, and the thermodynamic analysis method and evaluation index suitable for the runner dehumidification air conditioning are formed. The open-type cold-water runner desiccant air conditioning cycle is developed and cooled. The air conditioning mode is to deal with the latent heat load of the air through the two-stage runner dehumidification process, while the sensible heat load is to use the modified regenerative evaporative cooling process to produce chilled water. Hybrid dehumidification air conditioning with wheels has the similarity, which is to deal with the latent heat load of the air through the two-stage runner dehumidification process, and then the sensible heat load of the air; the main difference is the treatment of sensible heat load, the two-stage runner hybrid dehumidification air conditioning is the introduction of air-source heat pump and other traditional air conditioning equipment, the open-type cold water runner. Compared with the traditional runner dehumidification air conditioning system, the refrigeration and air conditioning capacity and energy utilization efficiency of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning system are greatly improved. Compared with the two-stage runner dehumidification air conditioner, the thermal performance coefficient and exergy efficiency of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner increase by about 30% under the same air supply condition and refrigeration capacity.
Secondly, the research on the approximate air conditioning system of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning system based on the two-stage runner dehumidification and air-source heat pump hybrid air conditioning is carried out. Through the experimental test under typical working conditions, the seasonal thermodynamic performance analysis and applicability discussion, the operating characteristics of this type of air conditioning system are explored, which is the follow-up open-type cold water type. The research on the runner dehumidification air conditioning lays a feasible foundation and reference, and also provides support for the two-stage runner hybrid dehumidification air conditioning in the utilization of low-grade thermal energy such as solar energy. The hybrid dehumidification air conditioning with two-stage runner is composed of auxiliary cooling equipment. When driven by solar energy, the hybrid dehumidification air conditioning with two-stage runner not only has high energy efficiency, but also has good applicability. Under typical climate conditions, the average thermal performance coefficient of the hybrid dehumidification air conditioning system in summer is about 0.9, corresponding to the sun. The contribution rate and power saving rate are about 30%.
Thirdly, the experimental device of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner is set up, and the process of making cold water based on the two-stage runner dehumidification and regenerative evaporative cooling is tested. The thermal performance of the new-type open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner and the traditional two-stage runner dehumidification air conditioner is compared and analyzed, and the opposite-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner is completed. The test results show that the cold water produced by the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner can effectively realize sensible heat load treatment and can be used as a substitute for the two-stage runner mixed dehumidification air conditioner. The thermal performance coefficient of the open-type cold-water runner desiccant air-conditioning is 0.8-0.9, and the air supply temperature is much lower than that of the traditional two-stage runner desiccant air-conditioning under the same humidity. Especially in humid and high humidity conditions, the traditional system has insufficient apparent heat treatment capacity, less effective refrigeration capacity, and needs higher-grade thermal energy drive. The new system overcomes this problem and is more conducive to the utilization of low-grade thermal energy.
Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental research, the mathematical model of open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner is established, and the heat and mass transfer characteristics, accessible area and heat and humidity treatment capacity of the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner are analyzed. The open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioner and the traditional two-stage runner dehumidification air conditioner are compared. The difference of heat and humidity treatment ability indicates the improvement degree of the new air conditioning mode in heat and humidity treatment ability (especially the apparent heat treatment ability). The analysis of accessibility area shows that the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning has good applicability, and the 50-90oC heat source can basically meet the driving requirements in mild, humid and humid climates. Compared with the traditional runner dehumidification air conditioning, the open-type cold-water runner dehumidification air conditioning has a great advantage in the treatment of sensible heat load, which is conducive to breaking through the limitation of the traditional system inherent (especially under high humidity conditions) in the lack of sensible heat treatment capacity.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU831.4

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