室内颗粒物浓度变化特征及污染控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 10:07

【摘要】：在大气污染日益严重和室内污染物日益增多的今天，室内空气品质受到人们强烈的关注。由于绝大多数人70%～90%的时间是在室内度过的，美国疾病控制中心经研究发现室内空气污染对人体的危害超过室外污染。同时，有人认为室内颗粒物污染占整个室内空气污染的76%，室内颗粒污染物对人体健康构成严重威胁。因此，对室内颗粒物浓度变化特征分析以及控制室内颗粒污染物浓度已成为暖通空调领域急待解决的问题。 本文通过理论推导，详细探讨了室内颗粒污染物浓度的变化特征以及各因素对室内颗粒物浓度的影响，包括室内颗粒物初始浓度值、新风量、换气次数、渗透风量、过滤器效率等；采用线性回归模型，结合室内外浓度关系曲线以及室内浓度随时间的指数拟合曲线，对西安市某普通办公房间室内颗粒排放源及室内颗粒物浓度变化特征进行理论研究；最后提出室内颗粒物污染的控制策略。通过分析可得以下结论：（1）室内初始浓度C0＞室内稳定浓度C∞时，室内颗粒物浓度呈现“白天低夜间高”的趋势；当C0＜C∞时，室内颗粒物浓度呈现“白天高夜间低”的趋势；当C0=C∞时，空调系统室内颗粒物浓度值保持在初始浓度值C0不变。（2）对于室内无发尘源的自然通风房间，I/O比随换气次数的增大而增加，，且PM10与PM2.5的I/O比都小于1，表明室内污染源主要来自室外；由于PM2.5在室内的沉积率小于PM10，计算结果表明PM2.5的I/O比大于PM10。当换气次数n由1h-1增加至6h-1时，PM10、PM2.5的I/O比分别由0.50、0.71增加至0.86、0.94，增加了72%、32.4%。可见，增大换气次数对PM10的I/O比增加较为明显，而对细颗粒物PM2.5的I/O比影响要小于PM10；若继续增大房间换气次数，则I/O比变化趋于平缓。（3）结合颗粒物质量平衡方程、室内外监测浓度线性拟合曲线及室内浓度随时间的指数拟合曲线，对西安市普通办公房间室内颗粒排放源进行理论研究；结果表明：对于一般办公房间，室内PM10的平均发尘量为7.93~12.48mg/h，室内PM2.5的平均发尘量为2.89~4.08mg/h。通过与室内浓度变化的指数拟合曲线相比较，验证了计算结果的正确性。（4）通过数值计算表明，靠通风稀释室内颗粒物浓度是有限的，应结合空气过滤器进行室内颗粒污染物控制；通风空调过滤系统从控制室内颗粒物污染角度存在一个最小换气次数。因此，在空调系统设计中，还应从改善室内空气品质、控制室内颗粒物浓度的角度来校核换气次数。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of air pollution and indoor pollutants, the indoor air quality has been paid more and more attention. Because the vast majority of people spend 90% of their time indoors, the US Centers for Disease Control has found that indoor air pollution is more harmful than outdoor pollution. At the same time, some people think that indoor particulate pollution accounts for 76% of indoor air pollution, indoor particulate pollutants pose a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the analysis of indoor particulate concentration and the control of indoor particulate pollutant concentration have become urgent problems in HVAC field. Through theoretical derivation, the characteristics of indoor particulate pollutant concentration and the influence of various factors on indoor particulate concentration are discussed in detail, including initial concentration of indoor particulate matter, fresh air volume, number of air exchange, and permeation air volume. Filter efficiency, etc., using linear regression model, combined with indoor and outdoor concentration relationship curve and indoor concentration with time exponential fitting curve, The characteristics of indoor particulate emission sources and indoor particulate concentration in a general office room in Xi'an are studied theoretically. Finally, the control strategies of indoor particulate pollution are put forward. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: (1) when the indoor initial concentration C _ 0 > the indoor stable concentration C _ 鈭

本文编号：2272201