城市目标物种运动行为与空间构型

发布时间：2018-11-04 15:27

【摘要】：动物行为过程和空间构型之间的映射是生境设计的关键。功能性城市生境设计需建立在了解建成环境小型地面动物的行为过程和影响因素基础上。而当前很少研究关注细粒度城市动物行为和栖息地的关联。2012年在天津南开大学校园采用直接跟踪观测技术，对2只异位雌性刺猬进行13天行为观测。利用高分辨率覆被分类和行为数据，分析活动范围、覆被偏爱和边界使用，以探索不同覆被使用模式和影响因素。我们发现：刺猬在城市中最喜爱建构筑物边缘，对其行为有显著吸引和引导作用；较为喜爱灌草类覆被、废弃地和院落，其次为草及乔草类覆被，对道路广场等开阔空间较为回避；遮蔽、围合的空间属性会提高偏爱度；边界倾向对覆被喜好排序具有明显影响。食物丰富度、安全遮蔽性和移动效率是刺猬在建成环境栖息地使用的主导因素，据此构建了典型覆被空间-行为关系模式。根据刺猬行为和感知，提出了促进穿越城市基质障碍和有效使用斑块的空间改造途径和应用示例。以边界空间、围合空间、通道和孔洞、坡度四种形式对主要类型的建构筑物、植被等进行空间设计语言的分类学构建，实现行为过程的空间转译。应用行为-空间设计语言，，以研究设计的方式实现刺猬廊道的具体形态设计和空间表达。基地选址于天津大港区中塘镇中塘村和薛卫台村，借助原型方法建立承载人类和刺猬共生地表网面空间。基于刺猬感知域尺度构建菱形网面地表，在格局上保证了刺猬迁移过程的导向性和安全。以具有强边界空间的矮墙、台阶、灌木列为基本元素构建帮助刺猬迁移和临时躲避的线性基础设施。廊道缀块以植被空间手段定义人类活动程度空间布局和刺猬可感知弱边界空间。基于网面构建廊道内渗透性强的的镶嵌体街区和廊道外高密度街区，并对首层城市空间进行设计以创造包容性人类-刺猬交界面。设计提供了一种廊道形态设计的通用性方法。
[Abstract]:Mapping between animal behavior process and spatial configuration is the key to habitat design. Functional urban habitat design should be based on understanding the behavior process and influencing factors of small terrestrial animals. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between fine-grained urban animal behavior and habitat. In 2012, two ectopic female hedgehogs were observed for 13 days using direct tracking observation technique on the campus of Nankai University in Tianjin. High resolution coverage classification and behavior data were used to analyze the range of activities, coverage preference and boundary use, in order to explore different cover use patterns and influencing factors. We found that hedgehog is the most popular in the city to build the edge of the structure, its behavior has a significant attraction and guidance; They prefer shrub mulch, abandoned land and yard, followed by grass and herbaceous mulch, avoiding the open space such as road square, sheltering and encircling the space attribute will increase the preference degree; The boundary tendency has obvious influence on the preference ranking of cover. Food richness, safety shelter and mobility efficiency are the leading factors for the use of hedgehog in constructed habitat. Based on these factors, a typical mulch space-behavior relationship model was constructed. Based on the behavior and perception of hedgehog, this paper presents a spatial transformation approach and an application example to facilitate the crossing of urban matrix barriers and the effective use of patches. The space design languages of the main types of structures and vegetation are constructed in four forms: boundary space, enclosed space, passage and hole, and slope, and the spatial translation of the behavior process is realized. The concrete shape design and spatial expression of hedgehog corridor are realized by means of research and design using Behavioral-Spatial Design language. The base was located in Zhongtang Village and Xue Weitai Village of Zhongtang Town, Dagang District, Tianjin. By means of archetypal method, the net space carrying human and hedgehog symbiotic surface was established. The rhombohedgehog surface is constructed based on the scale of the perceived domain, which ensures the orientation and safety of the migration process of the hedgehog. A linear infrastructure for hedgehog migration and temporary shelter was constructed with a short wall with strong boundary space steps and shrubs as basic elements. The spatial distribution of human activity and the perceptible weak boundary space of hedgehog are defined by vegetation space. Based on the network surface, the inlaid block with strong permeability inside the corridor and the high-density block outside the corridor are constructed, and the urban space on the first floor is designed to create an inclusive human-hedgehog interface. The design provides a universal method for corridor shape design.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：Q958.1;TU984

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