深水型水源水库藻类群落纵向演替特征及取水调控

发布时间：2018-11-06 17:42

【摘要】：针对深水型水源水库水体富营养化以及藻类高发问题，以水库藻类生长繁殖特性及悬浮迁移特性为基础，通过现场水质在线监测及实验室分析，重点研究了：①深水型水库库区藻类群落纵向演替特征及水库取水调度情况下藻类的被动迁移特征；②水库藻类功能组结构及水体环境对其的影响；③基于原水藻含量的安全取水情景分析；④预净化选择性取水构筑物的研发。研究结果表明：（1）季节更替对于库区藻类的影响主要表现在藻类生物量及藻类种属结构两个方面。对藻类生物量的影响主要表现在表层水体中，而对10m以下水体影响甚微。水库藻类高发期出现在8~9月份，表层水体中藻类数量最大值为822万个/L，而10m以下藻类数量在300万个/L以下。水库藻类种群结构为6门30属，其中硅藻门及绿藻门占藻种总数的83.9%。夏秋季藻类种群结构复杂，冬春季则比较单一。（2）取水抽吸作用下，取水口同深度水体中的藻类数量要少于其上下水层中的藻类数量，而且下层水体中藻类数量往往大于上层。原水中藻含量与库区水体中的藻含量并不是简单的线形关系。水库水位、入流量及出流量变化对于藻类数量的影响不明显。（3）水库藻类可分为10个功能组别，其中，功能组B、P、F、X1、MP水库中常见，功能组B、D、P、X1、X3的藻类数量较多。水温为藻类功能组演替最主要的影响因子。水库藻类生长策略为：春季R/CR策略藻种→春末夏初CR/C策略藻种→夏末秋初C/CR/R/CS/S策略藻种→秋末及冬季CR/R策略藻种。（4）基于原水藻含量进行取水情景模拟，提出了适合该水源水库安全取水的调度方案：11~3月，取水口深度适宜在0~20m范围内，4~10月，适宜在10m以下，30m以下更佳；而且，，9~10月，应避免采用5m及30m水深取水口取水。根据对现有取水构筑物的研究，研发了既能进行选择性取水，又能降低水体中藻含量的预净化选择性取水构筑物。
[Abstract]:In view of eutrophication and high alga occurrence in deep water source reservoir, based on the characteristics of algae growth and propagation and suspended migration in reservoir, the water quality is on-line monitored and analyzed in laboratory. The main contents are as follows: (1) the vertical succession characteristics of algae community in deep water reservoir area and the characteristics of algae passive migration under the condition of reservoir water intake and dispatching; (2) the structure of algae functional group in reservoir and the influence of water environment on it; (3) the analysis of safe water intake scenarios based on the content of protoalgae; and (4) the research and development of selective water intake structure for pre-purification. The results showed that: (1) the effects of seasonal turnover on algae in the reservoir area were mainly reflected in algal biomass and algae species structure. The effect on algae biomass was mainly in the surface water body, but had little effect on the water body below 10 m. The high occurrence of algae in the reservoir occurred in August and September. The maximum amount of algae in the surface water was 8.22 million / L, but the number of algae below 10 m was below 3 million / L. There are 6 phylum and 30 genera of algae in the reservoir, of which diatom and chlorophyta account for 83.9% of the total number of algae. The structure of algae population is complex in summer and autumn, but relatively simple in winter and spring. (2) under the action of water suction, the amount of algae in the same depth of water intake is less than that in the upper and lower water layers, and the amount of algae in the lower water is often larger than that in the upper layer. There is not a simple linear relationship between algae content in raw water and algae content in reservoir area. The changes of water level, inflow and discharge of the reservoir have no obvious effect on algae quantity. (3) the algae of reservoir can be divided into 10 functional groups, among which, the number of algae in the functional group is more than that in the functional group. Water temperature is the most important factor affecting the succession of algae functional group. The algal growth strategy of reservoir is: R/CR strategy in spring; CR/C strategy in late spring and early summer; C/CR/R/CS/S strategy in late summer and early autumn; CR/R strategy in winter. (4) based on the simulation of the original algae content, a safe water intake operation scheme for the water source reservoir is put forward: the depth of the water intake is suitable in the range of 0 ~ 20 m from November to March, from April to October, under 10 m and less than 30 m; Moreover, the water intake of 5m and 30m depth should be avoided from September to October. Based on the research on the existing water intake structures, a prepurification structure was developed, which can not only select water intake, but also reduce algae content in the water body.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU991.1;TV697.14

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