中美建筑通风系统标准对比及自然通风应用效果分析

发布时间：2018-11-13 07:07

【摘要】：随着建筑行业的迅猛发展，它所引起的能源环境危机也成为大众不得不面对的现实，因此引发了建筑节能和绿色建筑热潮。近年来社会物质经济水平也得到了显著的改善，人们生活的水平大幅提高，对工作生活的建筑内环境的要求也逐渐提高。自然通风是建筑节能和改善室内空气品质的重要手段，因此如何在建筑中合理设计、应用自然通风，，是实现建筑节能、绿色建筑并满足人员舒适性要求的一个重要研究方向。我国针对自然通风的应用尚没有具体的专项标准指南可遵循，美国供暖、制冷与空调工程师协会（ASHRAE）标准体系中则有更加完善的关于通风系统及自然通风的标准、规范。因此本文首先对比中美两国有关建筑通风系统的相关标准规范，对通风系统标准体系、通风系统的各项相关具体要求进行了详细的对比，得出两国通风系统标准中的主要区别，并提出值得我国标准借鉴的相关建议。基于两国设计标准中得出的主要区别，针对两国标准中自然通风对改善室内环境舒适度的影响详细对比，发现两国评价舒适范围的模型、方法都不尽相同。因此利用两种不同的评价体系，对重庆市办公建筑空调运行模式与自由运行模式两种环境中，不同室内环境热舒适度等级下的室内温度进行计算，并进行比较和分析。通过在重庆市对建筑室内调研得出，在自然通风建筑室内的实际风速和期望风速要高于空调运行建筑室内，因此根据调研得到的风速值对自由运行建筑进行风速补偿，利用热舒适评价计算法得到两种运行模式的热舒适温度范围，设定不同舒适等级、不同自然通风通风策略下的重庆市办公建筑的全空调运行模式、自然通风与空调系统交替使用的混合通风运行模式及考虑夜间通风的运行模式等六种工况的温度转换值，利用能耗模拟软件DesignBuilder计算各工况下的能耗，得到重庆市办公建筑利用自然通风可达到的节能效果。结果显示，自然通风环境中不同的室内风速对舒适度的范围有所影响，并且在自然通风环境中比空调环境中有更宽的适应性舒适度范围。在保证舒适度的基础上，利用自然通风的混合运行模式和夜间通风都可达到节能的效果，节能率均可达到15%左右；单独使用日间或夜间通风的节能率基本相同，在相同能耗水平下，同时采用日间和夜间自然通风的室内环境可获得更高的舒适度，也说明自然通风对建筑室内环境有明显的改善作用。因此在重庆市办公建筑设定合理的自然通风使用策略可达到舒适度和节能的双重效果。这一研究方法也可用于其它不同气候区的不同类型建筑，研究结果可为完善我国通风系统技术应用标准的提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the construction industry, the energy and environmental crisis caused by it has become a reality that the public have to face, thus causing the building energy conservation and green building boom. In recent years, the level of social material economy has also been significantly improved, people's living standards have been greatly improved, and the requirements for the working life of the building interior environment are also gradually raised. Natural ventilation is an important means of building energy saving and improving indoor air quality. Therefore, how to design and apply natural ventilation in architecture is an important research direction to realize building energy saving, green building and meet the requirements of personnel comfort. There is no specific standard guide for the application of natural ventilation in China. The (ASHRAE) standard system of American Association of heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers has more perfect standards and specifications on ventilation system and natural ventilation. Therefore, this paper first compares the relevant standards and specifications of the building ventilation system between China and the United States, and makes a detailed comparison of the ventilation system standard system and the relevant specific requirements of the ventilation system, and draws the main differences between the two countries' ventilation system standards. And put forward the relevant suggestion that our country standard draws lessons from. Based on the main differences between the design standards of the two countries, and in view of the detailed comparison of the effects of natural ventilation on the improvement of indoor environment comfort in the standards of the two countries, it is found that there are different models for evaluating the comfort range between the two countries. Therefore, two different evaluation systems are used to calculate and compare the indoor temperature in the two environments of Chongqing office building air conditioning operation mode and free operation mode, and the thermal comfort degree of different indoor environment. Through the investigation of the buildings in Chongqing, it is concluded that the actual wind speed and the expected wind speed in the natural ventilation buildings are higher than those in the air-conditioned buildings, so the wind speed compensation for the free-running buildings is carried out according to the wind speed values obtained from the investigation. By using the thermal comfort evaluation calculation method, the thermal comfort temperature range of two operation modes is obtained, and the operating mode of the whole air-conditioning system of Chongqing office building under different comfort levels and different natural ventilation strategies is set up. The temperature conversion values of six working conditions, such as mixed ventilation operation mode and night ventilation operation mode, are alternately used in natural ventilation and air conditioning system. The energy consumption under each working condition is calculated by energy consumption simulation software DesignBuilder. The energy saving effect can be achieved by using natural ventilation in office buildings in Chongqing. The results show that the range of comfort is affected by different indoor wind speed in natural ventilation environment and has a wider adaptive comfort range in natural ventilation environment than in air conditioning environment. On the basis of ensuring comfort, the energy saving effect can be achieved by using the mixed operation mode of natural ventilation and night ventilation, and the energy saving rate can reach about 15%. The energy saving rate of day or night ventilation alone is basically the same, and the indoor environment with day and night natural ventilation at the same energy consumption level can achieve higher comfort. It also shows that natural ventilation can improve the indoor environment obviously. Therefore, setting a reasonable natural ventilation strategy in Chongqing office buildings can achieve the dual effect of comfort and energy saving. This research method can also be used in different types of buildings in different climatic regions. The results can provide theoretical basis for perfecting the technical application standard of ventilation system in China.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834

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