住宅全生命周期碳排放核算方法及低碳住宅评价体系

发布时间：2018-11-16 14:59

【摘要】：生命周期评价方法作为一种全过程的管理工具，广泛应用于各个领域。本文在总结国内外文献的基础上，提出了低碳建筑定义，明确了低碳建筑内涵，对比分析了低碳建筑与其它类型建筑之间的区别和联系。利用生命周期方法，将住宅建筑划分为建筑材料生产、运输、施工、装饰装修、运行及拆除与处理六个阶段，并建立了各个阶段的二氧化碳排放核算模型，计算模型根据IPCC中碳核算方法采用活动因子乘排放系数，但各阶段的活动因子有所区别。活动因子按照各阶段涉及的内容可以分为六大类，分别是建材消耗量，运输周转量，工程的机械台班数，建筑能耗，材料再利用量和再循环量。根据核算模型，分析了某住宅小区50年全生命周期的二氧化碳构成，得出住宅建筑运行阶段的碳排放量最大占77.92%，其次为材料生产阶段17.25%，装饰装修阶段为1.78%，，施工阶段为1.60%，拆除与处理阶段为1.42%，运输所占比例较小为0.02%。通过对不同使用年限下的二氧化碳排放的敏感性分析得出：随着住宅建筑使用寿命的降低，每年单位建筑面积的二氧化碳排放量逐渐增加，由50年的67.51kg/m~2·a增加到10年的132.05kg/m~2·a。为了进一步分析住宅建筑使用阶段终端设备的二氧化碳构成，对某住户进行了为期一年的能耗实测，测试期间炊事与热水的CO_2量最大，占到46.45%，，供热和制冷占到30.39%；冰箱、娱乐和照明分别占到了8.37%、7.39%和5.04%，其他电耗占到2.35%；并在实测数据的基础上，并对家用设备的能耗特性进行了研究。在以上研究的基础上，结合我国建筑特点及绿色建筑评价体系构建方法，通过对各阶段影响因素分析，建立起低碳建筑评价体系框架。本研究为今后的低碳建筑评价体系的建立提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:As a whole process management tool, life cycle evaluation method is widely used in various fields. On the basis of summarizing the literature at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the definition of low carbon building, defines the connotation of low carbon building, and analyzes the difference and relation between low carbon building and other types of building. Based on the life cycle method, the residential buildings are divided into six stages: production of building materials, transportation, construction, decoration and decoration, operation, demolition and disposal, and the carbon dioxide emission accounting model of each stage is established. According to the carbon accounting method in IPCC, the active factor is used to multiply the emission coefficient, but the activity factors are different in different stages. The activity factors can be divided into six categories according to the contents involved in each stage, namely, building materials consumption, transportation turnover, construction machinery shift, building energy consumption, material reuse and recycling. According to the accounting model, the paper analyzes the carbon dioxide composition of the whole life cycle of a residential district in 50 years. It is concluded that the largest carbon emission in the residential building operation stage is 77.92, followed by 17.25 carbon dioxide in the material production stage. The decoration and decoration stage is 1.78, the construction stage is 1.60, the demolition and treatment stage is 1.42 and the proportion of transportation is 0.02. Based on the sensitivity analysis of carbon dioxide emissions under different service life, it is concluded that with the decrease of the service life of residential buildings, the annual carbon dioxide emissions per building area increase gradually. From 50 years of 67.51kg/m~2 a to 10 years of 132.05kg/m~2 a. In order to further analyze the carbon dioxide composition of terminal equipment in residential buildings, the energy consumption of one household was measured for one year. During the test period, the CO_2 of cooking and hot water was the largest, accounting for 46.45%. Heating and refrigeration accounted for 30.39; The refrigerator, entertainment and lighting accounted for 8.377.39% and 5.04% respectively, and other electricity consumption accounted for 2.35%. Based on the measured data, the energy consumption characteristics of household equipment were studied. On the basis of the above research, combining with the characteristics of Chinese architecture and the construction method of green building evaluation system, the evaluation system frame of low carbon building is established by analyzing the influencing factors of each stage. This study provides a reference for the establishment of low-carbon building evaluation system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241.91

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