宜居背景下北京保障性住区营建模式研究

发布时间：2018-11-21 19:43

【摘要】：居住是人类的一项基本权利，是其生存、发展的基本生活要素。但随着上世纪九十年代住房制度市场化进程的日趋深化，城市房价不断攀升，造成大量中低收入阶层无力购买住房。为了解决中低收入群体住房困难的问题，中央政府于1998年确立了以经济适用住房为主的多层次城镇住房供应体系。北京作为我国最早进行保障性住区建设城市之一，经过10多年的不断实践发展，现已逐步形成了由限价房、经济适用房、廉租房、公共租赁房共同组成的住房保障体系。随着北京市大量的保障性住区建成，在一定程度上缓解了中低收入群体的住房紧张问题，对城市发展乃至和谐社会的做出一定的贡献。然而，在快速建造的背后，我们也发现在保障制度、规划设计、后期管理等各方面都还存在着很多问题，如何让更多的人住进规划良好，生活便利、环境优美的宜居性保障住区是规划设计人员应该关注的。本文以北京市6所保障性住区作为调查研究的重点个案,通过访谈、拍照、统计记录和问卷等多种方式收集了大量数据,深入分析了目前北京的保障性住区建设的现状，并重点关注了居民在住区空间中的行为需求以及邻里关系的状态。在此基础上，将规划设计视野拓展到北京城市空间大系统和社会发展的领域中，深入分析政治、社会、经济、文化、人文、技术等诸多因素，并引入城市生态学、城市管理学、住区环境设计、社会心理学、生态伦理等相关学科进行研究，结合国内外保障住区建设的已有经验，，突破以往更多关注政治体制和户型设计的研究方法，将宜居的概念、可持续发展理念和北京城市特征以及现代生活观念相结合，从机制的完善、城市空间的整合、住区空间的重构及建筑空间复合和适应性等多个层面进行探索，提出有利于北京保障性居住空间科学发展的营建模式。论文共分为八章。第1章，主要建立本文的基本研究框架。就研究背景、研究意义、概念界定、研究方法等作了基本的论述。第2章，通过对国内外相关理论研究和实践进行必要的梳理和归纳，为北京保障性住区营建提供有益借鉴。第3章，回顾保障性住区建设的发展历史，分析其发展特点，并重点调研北京6所典型住区的规划设计情况，从宜居的角度找出存在的问题。第4章，对影响北京保障性住区建设的主要因素进行深入的分析，并总结其发展趋势，提出当前制度环境下的保障住区营建的形势与挑战。第5章，从法律、土地供应、融资、分配等多方面研究北京保障性住区的保障机制建设。第6章，通过多视角、多层次的研究，阐述“以人为本”在保障性住区营建中的应用，提出相应的规划措施。,第7章，通过对欧美及台湾的公众参与机制进行深入的分析，结合我国的现状，提出保障性住区营建过程中公众参与制度的优化策略。第8章，总结论文的主要结论、创新点，以及今后尚待进一步完善的地方。
[Abstract]:Living is a basic right of human being, and it is the basic living factor of its existence and development. However, with the deepening of the housing system marketization process in the 1990s, urban housing prices are rising, resulting in a large number of low- and middle-income class can not afford to buy housing. In order to solve the housing difficulties of middle and low income groups, the central government established a multi-level urban housing supply system in 1998. As one of the earliest construction cities of the indemnificatory residential area in China, Beijing has gradually formed a housing security system composed of price limited housing, comfortable housing, low-rent housing and public rental housing after more than 10 years of continuous practice and development. With the establishment of a large number of affordable residential areas in Beijing, the housing tension of low-income groups has been alleviated to a certain extent, and has contributed to urban development and even to a harmonious society. However, behind the rapid construction, we also found that there are still many problems in the security system, planning and design, and later management, etc., how to let more people live in a well-planned and convenient life, The habitable residential area with beautiful environment should be paid close attention to by planners and designers. In this paper, six indemnificatory residential areas in Beijing as the focus of investigation and research cases, through interviews, photographs, statistical records and questionnaires and other ways to collect a large number of data, in-depth analysis of the current status of the construction of affordable residential areas in Beijing. It also focuses on the behavior needs of residents in residential space and the state of neighborhood relationship. On this basis, the field of vision of planning and design will be extended to the field of large urban space system and social development in Beijing, and the political, social, economic, cultural, humanistic, technological and other factors will be deeply analyzed, and urban ecology and urban management will be introduced. The environmental design of residential area, social psychology, ecological ethics and other related subjects will be studied, combined with the existing experience of ensuring the construction of residential area at home and abroad, breaking through the previous research methods of paying more attention to political system and household design, and will be livable concept. Combining the concept of sustainable development with the urban characteristics of Beijing and the concept of modern life, this paper probes into the improvement of mechanism, the integration of urban space, the reconstruction of residential space, the combination and adaptability of architectural space, and so on. This paper puts forward the construction model which is beneficial to the development of the supportable living space science in Beijing. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. In chapter 1, the basic research framework of this paper is established. The research background, significance, concept definition and research methods are discussed. The second chapter, through the domestic and foreign related theory research and the practice carries on the essential combing and the induction, provides the beneficial reference for the Beijing indemnificatory residential area construction. In chapter 3, the author reviews the history of the construction of the indemnificatory residential area, analyzes its development characteristics, and investigates the planning and design of six typical residential areas in Beijing, and finds out the existing problems from the point of view of livable residence. Chapter 4 analyzes the main factors that affect the construction of Beijing's indemnificatory residential area, summarizes its development trend, and puts forward the situation and challenge of the construction of the security residential area under the current system environment. Chapter 5 studies the construction of security mechanism in Beijing's indemnificatory settlements from the aspects of law, land supply, financing and distribution. Chapter 6, through the multi-angle and multi-level research, expounds the application of "people-oriented" in the construction of the indemnificatory residential area, and puts forward the corresponding planning measures. Chapter 7, through the in-depth analysis of the public participation mechanism in Europe, America and Taiwan, According to the present situation of our country, this paper puts forward the optimization strategy of public participation system in the process of construction of indemnificatory residential area. Chapter 8 summarizes the main conclusions of the paper, innovation points, and the future needs to be further improved.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.12

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