深圳虚拟大学园下垫面对热环境的影响与优化策略研究

发布时间：2018-11-24 21:34

【摘要】：伴随全球人口的增长和城市化进程的加快，城市土地利用面积的不断增长，原本的的林地、草地、水塘、农田等不断被硬质铺地、水泥、沥青等人工材料所代替。这样对地球表面的城市化改造迅速进行，从根本上改变了城市下垫面的热力学性质，以及地表附近的热交换和表面气体动力粗糙度，对城市热环境产生极大的负面影响，使城市的储存热量增加、风速减小、热量难以扩散，再加上城市人口密集、建筑密度大、工商业高度集中，这就使得城市的气温高于郊区，形成了城市热环境问题。本文针对深圳虚拟大学园的夏季热环境问题，以园区下垫面状况为切入点，研究下垫面对热环境的影响作用，并总结相应优化策略。首先，解析了城市下垫面和热环境的相关问题，并回顾了国内外相关研究的进展，明确了现有研究中存在的问题和不足，，指出了通过改造下垫面优化城市热环境的可行性；其次，就城市下垫面和热环境相关基础理论进行针对性研究，系统总结了城市下垫面与热环境的相关研究思路、内容与方法。通过城市能量平衡方程，分析城市下垫面各种热力学属性的改变对热环境的影响，为后续的研究提供相关理论基础；再次，通过对深圳虚拟大学园园区进行热环境的现场实测、园区室外公共空间使用情况及其热舒适情况调研以及园区热环境现状的CFD数值模拟，明确园区内存在热环境问题，需要进行下垫面改造的区域；最后，应用CFD数值模拟技术，以园内三种类型下垫面为变量，构建不同下垫面组合进行热环境模拟，确定不同下垫面对热环境的影响作用，并利用以上模拟实测所得到的结果，在深圳虚拟大学园内选取具体地块进行改造，对改造后的方案进行热环境模拟，分析评价改造后的模拟结果，在此基础上，提出相应的优化策略。本文研究了城市下垫面与热环境之间的关系，并提出了有建设性的改造策略，为数值模拟优化城市热环境研究奠定了理论和应用基础，研究成果可用于对城市热环境的前期设计规划和后期改造优化，以实现城市更加健康可持续发展的目标。
[Abstract]:With the increase of global population and the acceleration of urbanization, the area of urban land use is increasing, and the original woodlands, grasslands, reservoirs, farmland and so on are replaced by artificial materials such as hard paving, cement, asphalt and so on. Thus, the rapid urbanization of the earth's surface has fundamentally changed the thermodynamic properties of the urban underlying surface, as well as the heat exchange and surface gas dynamic roughness near the surface, which has a great negative impact on the urban thermal environment, It makes the storage heat increase, the wind speed decreases, and the heat is difficult to diffuse. In addition, the urban population is dense, the building density is high, and the industry and commerce are highly concentrated, which makes the temperature of the city higher than that of the suburb, and forms the urban thermal environment problem. Aiming at the summer thermal environment of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, this paper studies the effect of underlay on the thermal environment and summarizes the corresponding optimization strategies. Firstly, the related problems of urban underlying surface and thermal environment are analyzed, and the related research progress at home and abroad is reviewed. The existing problems and shortcomings in the existing research are clarified, and the feasibility of optimizing urban thermal environment by reforming the underlying surface is pointed out. Secondly, the relevant basic theories of urban underlying surface and thermal environment are studied, and the related research ideas, contents and methods of urban underlying surface and thermal environment are summarized systematically. Through the energy balance equation of the city, the influence of the change of the thermodynamic properties on the thermal environment of the urban underlying surface is analyzed, which provides the relevant theoretical basis for the subsequent research. Thirdly, through the field measurement of the thermal environment of Shenzhen Virtual University Park, the investigation of outdoor public space and its thermal comfort, and the CFD numerical simulation of the park thermal environment, it is clear that there are thermal environment problems in the park. Areas where the underlying surface needs to be reconstructed; Finally, by using CFD numerical simulation technology and taking three types of underlying surfaces in the garden as variables, different underlying surface combinations are constructed to simulate the thermal environment, and the effects of different underlying surfaces on the thermal environment are determined, and the results obtained from the above simulated measurements are used. In the garden of Shenzhen Virtual University, specific plots were selected to carry out the thermal environment simulation, and the simulation results were analyzed and evaluated. On the basis of this, the corresponding optimization strategies were put forward. In this paper, the relationship between the underlying surface of the city and the thermal environment is studied, and a constructive transformation strategy is proposed, which lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the numerical simulation and optimization of the urban thermal environment. The research results can be used to design and optimize the urban thermal environment in the early stage and in the later stage so as to realize the goal of more healthy and sustainable development of the city.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU119

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