湘西土家族传统聚落建筑文化研究

发布时间：2018-12-25 09:01

【摘要】：聚落是村民聚居生息的空间,是生命承载之地。湘西土家族聚落是—个有着悠久历史文化的聚居地。我国传统聚落建筑文化是我国先人在长期生活实践中对居住环境归纳与总结出来的文化结晶,给我国传统建筑文化发展注入了不可或缺的元素。其基础是吸取我国古代哲理、美学、心理、地质、地理、生态、景观、气候等诸方面的内容,并包含了人们对自然的敬仰、崇拜,以及如何顺应自然的文化理论。本论文从文化角度出发,通过查阅大量的文献、史料以及实地考查,运用文化人类学、历史学、地理学、环境学等方法,基于对文化的分析,在物质文化层面上,提出气候与山水地貌对聚落建筑的影响;在宗教礼制文化层面上,提出宗族、祭祀仪式对宗教建筑、民居建筑的形式产生的影响;在非物质文化层面上,提出了土家族思想观念与对传统聚落文化的审美观念。深入探讨了地域文化对聚落建筑形态的构成的影响以及聚落建筑所蕴藏的特殊的文化特质,深入挖掘乡村聚落景观与文化的关系及传统文化的魅力。并以湘西周边地貌、居住形式为参照,阐释我国传统聚落建筑文化在少数民族居住选址、规划、建房中的影响作用,以及湘西土家族传统聚落建筑的格局特征;进而为当代民居的规划设计、空间建设、环境布局提供借鉴。同时对在新时代下保护和发扬土家传统聚落建筑文化及技术提出建议,随着近几年城市建设的快速发展,建筑的地域特色正逐渐消逝。独特的地理条件和气候环境要求建筑的发展顺应地方性、民族性特色。经济迅速的发展使得民族聚落建筑文化的收集、整理、保护和发扬迫在眉睫。因此,对湘西土家族聚落建筑文化的探究、归纳、总结,是对传统聚落建筑文化的整理和发展,对保护民族建筑文化、发展有特色的地域建筑以及揭示适宜现代人居环境发展模式有着长期而重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Settlement is the living space of villagers and the place of life bearing. Xiangxi Tujia settlement is a settlement with a long history and culture. The traditional settlement architecture culture of our country is the cultural crystallization that our ancestors summed up and summed up the living environment in the long life practice, which has injected the indispensable elements to the development of our traditional architectural culture. Its basis is to absorb the ancient philosophy, aesthetics, psychology, geology, geography, ecology, landscape, climate and other aspects of the content, and contains people's respect for nature, worship, and how to conform to the cultural theory of nature. From the cultural point of view, this paper, by consulting a large number of documents, historical data and field studies, applies the methods of cultural anthropology, history, geography, environment and so on, based on the analysis of culture, and on the material and cultural level. The influence of climate and landscape landform on settlement building is put forward. On the cultural level of religious rites, the paper puts forward the influence of clans and sacrificial rituals on the forms of religious buildings and residential buildings, and on the level of non-material culture, puts forward the ideas of Tujia nationality and aesthetic ideas on traditional settlement culture. This paper probes into the influence of regional culture on the formation of settlement architecture and the special cultural characteristics of settlement architecture, and explores the relationship between rural settlement landscape and culture and the charm of traditional culture. Taking the surrounding landforms and residential forms of Xiangxi as reference, this paper expounds the influence of the traditional settlement architecture culture in the residential location, planning and building of the ethnic minorities, as well as the pattern characteristics of the traditional settlement architecture of the Tujia nationality in the west of Hunan. And then for the planning and design of contemporary houses, space construction, environmental layout to provide reference. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward to protect and develop the architecture culture and technology of Tujia traditional settlements in the new era. With the rapid development of urban construction in recent years, the regional characteristics of architecture are gradually disappearing. Unique geographical conditions and climatic environment require the development of architecture to conform to local and national characteristics. With the rapid development of economy, it is urgent to collect, arrange, protect and develop the architectural culture of national settlements. Therefore, the exploration, induction and summary of the Tujia settlement architectural culture in western Hunan is the arrangement and development of the traditional settlement architectural culture and the protection of the national architectural culture. It is of long and important practical significance to develop regional architecture with characteristics and to reveal the development mode of modern human settlement environment.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-05

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