陕北近代建筑研究（1840-1949）

发布时间：2019-01-08 19:02

【摘要】：近代时期（1840-1949），陕北以其独特的地理环境、资源条件、历史文化及后期战时红色革命根据地的特定背景，形成了一批类型丰富、特征显著的陕北近代建筑。这些建筑，基于多层次生态过渡区，农耕为主，游牧为辅；形成于黄土高原中心地带，以传承中原文化为主，异域文化为辅，并与近代传入的西方文化相互融合，后又受到战时根据地影响。在特殊的地理、文化及历史影响下，形成并演变的陕北近代建筑，具有特殊的历史价值和重要的研究意义。论文针对陕北近代建筑的特殊价值，突破了按建筑类型进行分类研究的单一化研究集成方法，采用了以兼并历史文化基线的研究方案和技术路线。论文主要研究工作和成果如下：论文首先对陕北近代建筑发展与演变历程进行了分析，梳理了其历史文化发展脉络，提出了陕北近代建筑文化由“西方化导入”、“民间化渐变”、“红色化探索”等时空元素主导和交融的发展演变历程。其次，基于陕北近代建筑发展演变历程，分别对这三个时期的近代建筑进行了分类研究，针对性的对建筑的空间分布、典型实例、建筑特点进行了数据统计及分析，并对关键建筑实体进行了测绘。再次，在作者及其组队长期实地调研的基础上，对陕北近代建筑从建筑风格、建筑空间形态、建筑造型特征以及建筑技术特征等四方面进行了研究，总结出陕北近代建筑的特征。最后，对陕北近代建筑形态的演变路径、演变特征及其动因进行分析，全面系统的认知陕北近代建筑的形态及演变。通过对陕北近代建筑发展的研究，论文确定了陕北建筑在近代时期的“基本模型”：在建筑形态中的“四种风格”和“五种空间模式”，在建筑造型中的“折中”设计手法，在建筑技术的“本土”和“先进”共存，总结陕北近代建筑特征的基因库。论文提出了陕北近代建筑在演变过程中，表现出一种“多元化”的演变特征，演变路径是多链条的，即西方化导入、民间化渐变及红色化探索的三条线索，为探索中国近代时期，典型本土化的红色革命根据地建筑的发展、演变提供了研究思路。
[Abstract]:In the modern period (1840-1949), with its unique geographical environment, resource conditions, historical culture and the special background of the red revolutionary base area in the later period of war, North Shaanxi formed a group of modern architecture with rich types and remarkable characteristics. These buildings, based on multi-level ecological transition areas, mainly farming, supplemented by nomadic; Formed in the heart of the Loess Plateau, the central plain culture is mainly inherited, supplemented by foreign culture, and merged with the western culture introduced in modern times, and then influenced by the wartime base area. Under the influence of special geography, culture and history, the formation and evolution of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi has special historical value and important research significance. In view of the special value of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi, the paper breaks through the integration method of single research on the classification of architecture, and adopts the research scheme and technical route of merging historical and cultural baselines. The main research work and achievements are as follows: firstly, the paper analyzes the development and evolution of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi, combs its historical and cultural development, and puts forward the introduction of modern architectural culture in Northern Shaanxi from "westernization". The development and evolution of space-time elements such as "gradual change of folk", "exploration of red" and other space-time elements. Secondly, based on the development and evolution of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi, the classification of modern architecture in these three periods is carried out, and the spatial distribution, typical examples and characteristics of architecture are analyzed and analyzed. The key building entities are mapped and mapped. Thirdly, on the basis of long-term field investigation by the author and his team, four aspects of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi are studied, such as architectural style, architectural space form, architectural modeling characteristics and architectural technical characteristics. Summed up the characteristics of modern architecture in northern Shaanxi. Finally, the evolution path, characteristics and causes of modern architectural form in Northern Shaanxi are analyzed, and a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the shape and evolution of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi is given. Through the research on the development of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi, the paper determines the "basic model" of the architecture in modern times: the "four styles" and "five space modes" in the architectural form, and the "eclectic" design technique in the architectural modeling. In the coexistence of "native" and "advanced" in architectural technology, the gene pool of modern architectural characteristics in Northern Shaanxi is summarized. In the process of evolution of modern architecture in Northern Shaanxi, the paper puts forward a kind of "pluralistic" evolution characteristic. The evolution path is multi-chain, that is, three clues of westernization introduction, folk gradual change and red exploration. In order to explore the development and evolution of the typical local red revolutionary base buildings in modern China, this paper provides a research idea.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-092

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