重庆近代砖木建筑营造技术与保护研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 17:02

【摘要】：伴随着1840年鸦片战争的爆发，中国社会性质开始发生巨大变化。传统的农耕文明受到近代西方文明的强烈冲击，近代城市的发展与建筑形态不可避免受到半殖民地半封建社会的政治、文化和经济等因素的多重影响，呈现出极具特色的时代特征。重庆地处长江上游，由于地理位置等原因，重庆与东部沿海的一些城市相比，经济发展较为缓慢，近代建筑起步较晚，规模也较小。但与此同时，重庆作为1891年开埠城市，抗战时期陪都和中共中央南方局所在地，留下了大量弥足珍贵的近代建筑。其近代建筑的产生和发展是中国建筑大家族中一个不可忽视、不可缺少的一员。重庆近代砖木建筑作为重庆近代建筑的重要组成部分，是近代建筑史的一个缩影，其发展变化映射出时代的变迁和技术的进步，也可以看到人们观念的转变，生活方式的变化及社会文化的变异。笔者以重庆近代砖木建筑发展演变为研究主线，结合实地调研，走访重庆主城区现存近代砖木建筑，对重庆近代砖木建筑的结构、材料、构造技术以及本体特征进行初步的研究，归纳总结重庆近代砖木建筑的物质特征。并结合实际工程案例，，对以往重庆近代砖木建筑保护工程进行调研，分析重庆近代砖木建筑的生存现状及面临的实际问题。对近代砖木建筑保护修复策略的合理性及适用性进行了评估，总结近代砖木建筑在保护过程中的种种矛盾，以大量现实经验为依据剖析重庆主城区近代砖木建筑保护及利用中存在的现实问题，最后以这些建筑自身如何保护为落脚点，对重庆近代砖木建筑的提出富有建设性的保护策略及建议，提出重庆近代砖木建筑应根据建筑存在的客观条件和保护的价值标准确定保护策略及方式。本文的主要内容包括：一是论述重庆砖木建筑产生渊源、重庆近代砖木建筑建造背景及发展阶段；二是分析研究近代砖木建筑的结构、材料及构造技术特点；三是对重庆现存砖木文物建筑现状进行调研，对现存分布，现状功能，现存问题加以分析总结问题；四是回顾重庆近代砖木文物建筑的保护历程；探讨各类保护方式实施过程的经验及建议。
[Abstract]:With the outbreak of the Opium War in 1840, the nature of Chinese society began to change dramatically. The traditional farming civilization was strongly impacted by modern western civilization, and the development and architectural form of modern cities were inevitably influenced by the political, cultural and economic factors of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Presents the extremely characteristic time characteristic. Chongqing is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Because of its geographical position, the economic development of Chongqing is slower than that of some cities along the eastern coast, and the modern architecture starts later and its scale is smaller. But at the same time, Chongqing, as a port city opened in 1891, and the seat of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee during the Anti-Japanese War period, left a large number of valuable modern buildings. The emergence and development of its modern architecture is an indispensable member of the Chinese architecture family. As an important part of modern architecture in Chongqing, modern brick architecture in Chongqing is a microcosm of the history of modern architecture. Its development and changes reflect the changes of the times and the progress of technology, as well as the change of people's ideas. The change of life style and the variation of social culture. Taking the development and evolution of modern brick and wood architecture in Chongqing as the main line of study, combined with field investigation, the author visited the existing modern brick and wood buildings in the main urban areas of Chongqing, and made a survey on the structure and materials of modern brick buildings in Chongqing. The structure technology and ontology characteristics are studied preliminarily, and the material characteristics of modern brick buildings in Chongqing are summarized. Combined with practical engineering cases, this paper investigates the protection projects of modern brick buildings in Chongqing, and analyzes the existing situation and practical problems of modern brick buildings in Chongqing. This paper evaluates the rationality and applicability of the protection and restoration strategy of modern brick buildings, and summarizes the contradictions in the protection process of modern brick buildings. Based on a large number of practical experiences, this paper analyzes the practical problems existing in the protection and utilization of modern brick and wood buildings in Chongqing's main urban areas, and finally takes the protection of these buildings as its foothold. This paper puts forward constructive protection strategies and suggestions for modern brick and wood buildings in Chongqing, and points out that modern brick buildings in Chongqing should determine the protection strategies and methods according to the objective conditions and the value standards of protection. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the origin of brick and wood architecture in Chongqing, the background and development stage of modern brick building construction in Chongqing; second, the analysis and study of the structure, materials and structural technical characteristics of modern brick and wood architecture; The third is to investigate the present situation of brick and wood cultural relics in Chongqing, to analyze and summarize the existing distribution, current function and existing problems; fourth, to review the history of protection of modern brick and wood cultural relics in Chongqing; To explore the implementation of various protection methods experience and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-87

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