利用改性粘土矿物去除藻类的试验研究

发布时间：2019-04-24 01:58

【摘要】：随着近些年社会经济的快速发展，污水排放量激增，加之很多污水不经处理或者处理不达标就直接排放，使地表水体受到严重污染,水体富营养化严重。有效的控藻除藻技术，对实现地表水的持续利用，保证我国的水资源安全，维护经济社会的可持续发展有重要意义。本试验研究了多种粘土与PAC复合以及壳聚糖改性粘土的除藻效果。 PAC复合粘土除藻的试验结果表明：粘土与PAC复合除藻比单独投加粘土或PAC有了较大提高。PAC与粘土的质量比和粘土投加量都对粘土复合PAC除藻有一定的影响，粘土复合PAC除藻的最佳配比为1:5，最佳投量为30mg/L，在此条件下的藻细胞去除率为87.19%，Chl-a去除率为89.16%。壳聚糖改性粘土除藻试验结果表明：粘土经壳聚糖改性后除藻能力有了较大的提高，在合适的配比及投量下，五种粘土对藻细胞的去除率和Chl-a去除率都能达到90%以上，除藻效果整体上优于粘土与PAC复合除藻。壳聚糖盐酸溶液中盐酸的浓度对改性粘土的除藻效果有较大的影响，，综合比较可以看出，盐酸浓度较低的壳聚糖盐酸溶液改性的粘土除藻效果整体上优于盐酸浓度高的改性粘土。壳聚糖与粘土的质量比、粘土投加量和粘土种类都对除藻效果有一定的影响。高浓度壳聚糖盐酸溶液改性粘土除藻的最佳配比范围为1:20~1:10，最佳投量范围为10mg/L~20mg/L；而低浓度壳聚糖盐酸溶液改性的粘土的合适配比范围为1:5~1:2，最佳投量范围为20mg/L~40mg/L。不同粘土的除藻效果没有明显的差别，相比较而言，高浓度壳聚糖盐酸溶液改性粘土中沸石粉的除藻效果比其它四种粘土稍好，而低浓度壳聚糖盐酸溶液改性粘土中则是活性白土的除藻效果更好一些。在本实验室条件下，几种壳聚糖改性粘土中除藻效果最好的是配比为1:5，投加量为30mg/L时的低浓度壳聚糖盐酸溶液改性沸石粉，在此条件下的藻细胞去除率为95.01%，Chl-a去除率为95.66%。试验还研究了壳聚糖改性粘土单独去除铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻及梅尼小环藻的效果。结果表明，壳聚糖改性粘土对四尾栅藻和铜绿微囊藻的去除效果较好，对梅尼小环藻的去除效果则较差。壳聚糖改性粘土去除铜绿微囊藻、四尾栅藻及梅尼小环藻的最佳比例分别为1:5、1:5和1:2。在各自最佳配比下的除藻最佳投量分别为30mg/L、30mg/L~40mg/L和20mg/L。在本实验室条件下，对铜绿微囊藻去除效果最好的是配比为1:5，投量为30mg/L的改性高岭土，此条件下的藻细胞去除率为92.24%，Chl-a去除率为95.18%；对四尾栅藻去除效果最好的是配比为1:5，投量为30mg/L的改性活性白土，此条件下的藻细胞去除率为95.01%，Chl-a去除率为95.24%；对梅尼小环藻去除效果最好的是配比为1:2，投量为20mg/L的改性钠基膨润土，此条件下的藻细胞去除率为94.44%，Chl-a去除率为95.52%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy in recent years, the discharge of sewage increases rapidly, and many sewage is discharged directly without treatment or substandard, which causes serious pollution of surface water and serious eutrophication of water body. The effective algal control technology is of great significance to realize the sustainable utilization of surface water, to ensure the safety of water resources and to maintain the sustainable development of economy and society. In this paper, the algal removal effects of composite clay with PAC and chitosan modified clay were studied. The results of the experiment on algal removal of PAC composite clay show that the algal removal of clay and PAC composite is much higher than that of adding clay or PAC alone. Both the mass ratio of PAC and clay and the amount of clay addition have a certain effect on the algal removal of clay composite PAC. The optimum ratio of removal of algae by clay composite PAC was 1 ~ 5, and the optimum dosage was 30 mg / L. Under this condition, the removal rate of algae cells was 87.19%, and the removal rate of Chl 路a was 89.16%. The results of algae removal test of chitosan-modified clay show that the ability of algae removal of clay modified by chitosan has been greatly improved. The removal rate of algal cells and Chl-a of the five kinds of clay can reach 90% or more under the appropriate proportion and dosage, and the removal rate of algae cells is more than 90%, and the removal rate of algae cells is higher than that of clay modified by chitosan. The algal removal effect of clay and PAC was better than that of clay. The concentration of hydrochloric acid in chitosan hydrochloric acid solution has a great effect on the algae removal effect of modified clay. The algae-removing effect of chitosan-hydrochloric acid solution modified with low concentration of hydrochloric acid is better than that of modified clay with high concentration of hydrochloric acid as a whole. The mass ratio of chitosan to clay, the amount of clay added and the type of clay have certain influence on the algal removal effect. The optimum proportion range and dosage range of high concentration chitosan hydrochloric acid solution modified clay were 1 ~ 20 ~ 1 ~ 10 and 10 mg / L ~ (- 1) ~ 20 mg 路L ~ (- 1) and 10 mg / L ~ (- 1) ~ (10) mg / L, respectively. The suitable ratio range of clay modified by low concentration chitosan hydrochloric acid solution is 1 ~ 5 ~ 1 ~ 2, and the optimum dosage range is 20 mg / L ~ (- 1) ~ (40) mg / L. There was no obvious difference in algae removal effect among different clay. Compared with the other four kinds of clay, the algae removal effect of zeolite powder modified by high concentration chitosan hydrochloric acid solution was slightly better than that of the other four kinds of clay. In the clay modified with low concentration chitosan hydrochloric acid solution, the algae removal effect of activated clay is better than that of the clay modified by chitosan hydrochloric acid solution. Under the condition of our laboratory, the best removal effect of algae in several chitosan modified clay is that the ratio is 1? 5 and the dosage of 30mg/L is the low concentration chitosan hydrochloric acid solution to modify zeolite powder. Under this condition, the removal rate of algae cell is 95.01%, and the removal rate of algal cell is 95.01% under the condition of low concentration chitosan hydrochloric acid solution. The removal rate of Chl-a was 95.66%. The effects of chitosan-modified clay on the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa, Cyclocystis mannii and Microcystis aeruginosa were also studied. The results showed that the chitosan-modified clay had a better removal effect on Microcystis aeruginosa and four-tailed alga, while the removal effect of Chitocyclocystis Menienis was worse than that of Microcystis aeruginosa. Chitosan-modified clay was used to remove Microcystis aeruginosa. The optimum ratios of Cyclocystis tetraphylla and Chymenocyclocystis Menienis were 1? 5? 1? 5 and 1? 2. Respectively. The optimum dosage of algae removal was 30 mg / L, 30 mg / L, 40 mg / L and 20 mg / L, respectively. Under the condition of our laboratory, the best removal effect for Microcystis aeruginosa is modified kaolin with the ratio of 1 ~ 5 and the dosage of 30mg/L. Under this condition, the removal rate of algae cells is 92.24%, and the removal rate of Chl 伪 is 95.18%. Under this condition, the removal rate of algae cell is 95.01%, and the removal rate of Chl _ (a) is 95.24%. The best removal effect is that the ratio is 1? 5? The best removal efficiency for Chla was the modified sodium bentonite with the ratio of 1? 2 and 20mg/L. Under this condition, the removal rate of algae cells was 94.44%, and the removal rate of Chl 伪 was 95.52%.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU991.2

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