北方地区居住建筑通风热回收技术应用分析
发布时间：2019-05-18 01:15
【摘要】：随着能源危机的出现,我国北方地区居住建筑节能率不断提高,建筑外门窗气密性也随之提高。外门窗气密性的提高减少了通过渗透作用进入室内的新风量,室内精装修增加了室内污染源,二者综合作用下,在我国北方地区居住建筑中出现了室内空气品质下降的现象。居住建筑节能与室内空气品质之间产生了矛盾。兼顾建筑节能与室内空气品质,本文提出了在北方地区居住建筑中采用集中式机械通风热回收系统的解决策略,并重点对其节能性进行了研究。 首先从实测北方地区新建居住建筑气密性入手,了解新建居住建筑气密性现状；然后以测试数据为基础,分析北方地区典型城市居住建筑冷风渗透耗热量比例；其次以典型城市为例,模拟分析居住建筑采用了通风热回收技术之后的节能潜力,并提出相应的节能评价指标；最后对热回收机械通风系统在我国北方地区应用时的经济性进行分析。 本文实测了大连地区10户新建居住建筑的整体气密性,提出了一种计算建筑自然状态下冷风渗透量的简便方法,并采用该方法对大连、沈阳、哈尔滨地区建筑自然状态下冷风渗透量进行了计算与讨论。实测结果表明,所有被测对象建筑整体气密性均小于3.0次/h,低于自然通风时欧洲标准对建筑气密性的限值,多数被测对象接近机械通风时对建筑气密性的限值(1.5次/h)。建筑自然状态下冷风渗透量计算结果表明,忽略热压作用与室外风向变化、假定建筑缝隙最长面面向主导风向时,大连、沈阳、哈尔滨地区采暖季建筑平均换气次数分别为0.46次/h、0.28次/h、0.24次/h,不满足最新的ASHRAE标准中相应规定。分别采用缝隙法、换气次数法、实测法计算了建筑的冷风渗透耗热量。计算结果表明,实际情况下,大连地区、沈阳地区、哈尔滨地区建筑冷风渗透耗热量比例分别为29%、23%、22%左右,小于建筑外墙、外窗等部位相应值,但是换气量不能满足节能标准相应规定；严格按照节能标准进行通风(0.5次/h),大连地区、沈阳地区、哈尔滨地区冷风渗透耗热量比例分别为31%、35%、36%,将高于外墙、外窗等部位耗热量比例。采用DeST软件模拟分析了北方地区典型建筑安装集中式机械通风热回收系统之后的节能潜力,并提出相应的指标评价其节能效果。模拟结果表明,在我国北方地区,采用集中式热回收机械通风系统之后,居住建筑节能效果明显。当系统连续运行、采用显热回收、热回收效率为60%时,与未采取热回收时的建筑物耗煤量相比,哈尔滨地区、沈阳地区、大连地区依次降低为原有值的77%、78%、75%。系统经济性分析结果表明,在忽略建筑改造费用、系统配套设施费的前提下,系统单位面积初投资仅为19.5元/m2,动态追加投资回收期均小于4年,远远小于设备寿命周期,经济效益明显。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of energy crisis, the energy saving rate of residential buildings in northern China is increasing, and the air tightness of doors and windows outside buildings is also improved. The improvement of air tightness of outer doors and windows reduces the fresh air volume entering the room through infiltration, and the indoor fine decoration increases the indoor pollution sources. Under the comprehensive action of the two, the indoor air quality decreases in the residential buildings in the north of China. There is a contradiction between energy saving of residential buildings and indoor air quality. Taking into account building energy saving and indoor air quality, this paper puts forward the solution strategy of adopting centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system in residential buildings in northern China, and focuses on its energy saving research. Firstly, the air tightness of newly built residential buildings in northern China is measured to understand the present situation of air tightness of newly built residential buildings, and then, based on the test data, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of residential buildings in typical cities in northern China is analyzed. Secondly, taking the typical city as an example, the energy saving potential of residential buildings after adopting ventilation and heat recovery technology is simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding energy saving evaluation indexes are put forward. Finally, the economy of heat recovery mechanical ventilation system in northern China is analyzed. In this paper, the overall air tightness of 10 newly built residential buildings in Dalian area is measured, and a simple method for calculating the cold air permeability in the natural state of the building is put forward, and this method is used to calculate the cold air permeability of Dalian and Shenyang. The calculation and discussion of cold air permeability in Harbin area under natural condition are carried out. The measured results show that the overall air tightness of all the buildings under test is less than 3.0 times / h, which is lower than the limit value of the European standard for building air tightness when natural ventilation is carried out. Limit for building air tightness when most of the subjects tested are close to mechanical ventilation (1.5 times / h).) The calculation results of cold air permeability in the natural state of the building show that the effect of hot pressing and the change of outdoor wind direction are ignored, and it is assumed that when the longest surface direction of the building crevice is dominant, Dalian, Shenyang, The average ventilation frequency of buildings in Harbin heating season is 0.46 / h, 0.28 / h and 0.24 / h, which does not meet the corresponding provisions of the latest ASHRAE standard. The cold air infiltration heat consumption of the building is calculated by slit method, air exchange times method and actual measurement method respectively. the heat consumption of cold air penetration in buildings is calculated by slot method, ventilation times method and actual measurement method respectively. The calculation results show that, in fact, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of buildings in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin is 29%, 23% and 22%, respectively, which is smaller than the corresponding values of building exterior wall, outer window and other parts. However, the gas exchange can not meet the corresponding provisions of energy saving standards; Ventilation is carried out strictly in accordance with energy saving standards (0.5times / h), in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin, respectively, the proportion of heat consumption of cold air infiltration is 31%, 35%, 36%, which will be higher than that of external wall, outer window and other parts. The energy saving potential of typical buildings in northern China after installing centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system is simulated and analyzed by DeST software, and the corresponding indexes are put forward to evaluate its energy saving effect. The simulation results show that the energy saving effect of residential buildings is obvious after the centralized heat recovery machinery ventilation system is adopted in the north of China. When the system runs continuously and adopts sensible heat recovery and the heat recovery efficiency is 60%, compared with the coal consumption of buildings without heat recovery, the coal consumption of buildings in Harbin, Shenyang and Dalian is reduced to 77%, 78% and 75% respectively. The results of system economic analysis show that the initial investment per unit area of the system is only 19.5 yuan / m2, and the payback period of dynamic additional investment is less than 4 years on the premise of neglecting the cost of construction transformation and the cost of supporting the system. It is much smaller than the life cycle of the equipment, and the economic benefit is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834.51
本文编号：2479549
[Abstract]:With the emergence of energy crisis, the energy saving rate of residential buildings in northern China is increasing, and the air tightness of doors and windows outside buildings is also improved. The improvement of air tightness of outer doors and windows reduces the fresh air volume entering the room through infiltration, and the indoor fine decoration increases the indoor pollution sources. Under the comprehensive action of the two, the indoor air quality decreases in the residential buildings in the north of China. There is a contradiction between energy saving of residential buildings and indoor air quality. Taking into account building energy saving and indoor air quality, this paper puts forward the solution strategy of adopting centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system in residential buildings in northern China, and focuses on its energy saving research. Firstly, the air tightness of newly built residential buildings in northern China is measured to understand the present situation of air tightness of newly built residential buildings, and then, based on the test data, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of residential buildings in typical cities in northern China is analyzed. Secondly, taking the typical city as an example, the energy saving potential of residential buildings after adopting ventilation and heat recovery technology is simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding energy saving evaluation indexes are put forward. Finally, the economy of heat recovery mechanical ventilation system in northern China is analyzed. In this paper, the overall air tightness of 10 newly built residential buildings in Dalian area is measured, and a simple method for calculating the cold air permeability in the natural state of the building is put forward, and this method is used to calculate the cold air permeability of Dalian and Shenyang. The calculation and discussion of cold air permeability in Harbin area under natural condition are carried out. The measured results show that the overall air tightness of all the buildings under test is less than 3.0 times / h, which is lower than the limit value of the European standard for building air tightness when natural ventilation is carried out. Limit for building air tightness when most of the subjects tested are close to mechanical ventilation (1.5 times / h).) The calculation results of cold air permeability in the natural state of the building show that the effect of hot pressing and the change of outdoor wind direction are ignored, and it is assumed that when the longest surface direction of the building crevice is dominant, Dalian, Shenyang, The average ventilation frequency of buildings in Harbin heating season is 0.46 / h, 0.28 / h and 0.24 / h, which does not meet the corresponding provisions of the latest ASHRAE standard. The cold air infiltration heat consumption of the building is calculated by slit method, air exchange times method and actual measurement method respectively. the heat consumption of cold air penetration in buildings is calculated by slot method, ventilation times method and actual measurement method respectively. The calculation results show that, in fact, the proportion of cold air infiltration and heat consumption of buildings in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin is 29%, 23% and 22%, respectively, which is smaller than the corresponding values of building exterior wall, outer window and other parts. However, the gas exchange can not meet the corresponding provisions of energy saving standards; Ventilation is carried out strictly in accordance with energy saving standards (0.5times / h), in Dalian, Shenyang and Harbin, respectively, the proportion of heat consumption of cold air infiltration is 31%, 35%, 36%, which will be higher than that of external wall, outer window and other parts. The energy saving potential of typical buildings in northern China after installing centralized mechanical ventilation heat recovery system is simulated and analyzed by DeST software, and the corresponding indexes are put forward to evaluate its energy saving effect. The simulation results show that the energy saving effect of residential buildings is obvious after the centralized heat recovery machinery ventilation system is adopted in the north of China. When the system runs continuously and adopts sensible heat recovery and the heat recovery efficiency is 60%, compared with the coal consumption of buildings without heat recovery, the coal consumption of buildings in Harbin, Shenyang and Dalian is reduced to 77%, 78% and 75% respectively. The results of system economic analysis show that the initial investment per unit area of the system is only 19.5 yuan / m2, and the payback period of dynamic additional investment is less than 4 years on the premise of neglecting the cost of construction transformation and the cost of supporting the system. It is much smaller than the life cycle of the equipment, and the economic benefit is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU834.51
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