荆州市农村聚落空间格局：层次与聚离

发布时间：2019-06-25 14:15

【摘要】：农村聚落空间分布零散,土地集约利用水平低是我国目前农村土地利用的重要特征。掌握农村聚落空间分布状况,是开展农村居民点土地整理、挖掘农村土地潜力、提高农村土地集约利用水平和优化农村聚落格局的重要基础。农村聚落空间格局、变化及其驱动力的研究是我国LUCC研究的热点之一,目前其研究成果多集中于县域尺度,多尺度、多层次的农村聚落空间格局研究还稍显薄弱。本文以荆州市为研究区域,基于2010年土地利用数据库和ARCGIS10.0平台,首先运用空间统计分析、密度分析和景观指数分析等方法,研究了区域内不同行政区划层次(包括：荆州市市域层次、县市区层次和乡镇层次)的农村聚落空间格局特征及空间分异；其次,运用缓冲区分析、距离分析、相关分析等方法,分析了区域环境对农村聚落空间格局的影响；然后,借助系统聚类分析法,综合农村聚落空间格局、环境因素和农村聚落土地整理潜力,将区域内的乡镇进行类型划分；最后,依据分类结果,提出了不同类型乡镇的农村聚落空间格局优化策略。研究的主要结论如下： (1)不同层次的农村聚落空间格局在荆州市市域层次上,忽略农村聚落的面积时,其分布模式为集聚模式,空间上呈现不均衡状态；考虑面积要素时,规模相似的聚落在空间上表现为集聚趋势；在县市区层次上,沙市区和江陵县内,农村聚落密度大,集聚度高；松滋市和公安县内农村聚落的分布相对较分散且平均规模较小；荆州区、监利县和洪湖市内,较大规模的农村聚落在空间上一定程度呈集聚分布；石首市则表现为小规模的聚落在局部地区集聚分布；在乡镇层次上,农村聚落的空间格局表现为四个类型：较多大规模的农村聚落在空间相对分散的分布；众多小规模农村聚落在空间密集分布；较多小规模的农村聚落在局部地区集中分布；少量规模较大的农村聚落在空间分散分布。 (2)自然环境(河流、湖泊等)、生产环境(耕地、交通、城镇)与社会经济环境(人口、经济)对农村聚落空间格局的影响河流对农村聚落分布有一定的吸引力,表现为众多小规模农村聚落沿河较分散的分布；农村聚落环湖及水库分布现象在局部地区表现突出；农村聚落与耕地的分布具有空间同步性,农村聚落使得耕地景观破碎化；公路对农村聚落有巨大吸引力,约80%的农村聚落分布在公路周边1500m范围内,不同等级的公路对农村聚落空间分布的影响具有明显差异：沿高速公路分布的聚落较分散且规模较大；沿国道和省道分布的农村聚落数量众多,分布密集且平均规模较小,约66%的农村聚落都分布在县乡道的沿线且聚落的平均规模较大；在距离城区6000m范围内,城区和城市化环境对农村聚落的辐射作用明显,农村聚落也倾向于靠近建制镇分布,距离建制镇6000m以外,农村聚落的数量和总面积明显减小；经济发展水平和人口规模都与农村聚落的总面积及其占景观比重呈正相关关系。 (3)乡镇类型划分根据农村聚落的空间格局、环境状况、土地整理潜力,将研究区的乡镇划分为五种类型：交通限制密集型、环境优越密集型、经济耕地限制密集型、耕地交通限制分散型、交通引导分散型。 (4)农村聚落空间格局优化策略各类乡镇应通过不同的农村居民点整理模式实现农村聚落空间格局的优化。第一、二类乡镇为优先整理乡镇,第三类为重点整理乡镇,第四、五类为适度调整乡镇；第一类乡镇应主要采取中心村内部调整的农村居民点整理模式,第二类乡镇应主要采取自然村缩并的整理模式,第三类乡镇应主要采取中心村内调和自然村缩并相结合的整理模式,第四类和第五类乡镇应主要采取异地迁移的农村居民点整理模式。
[Abstract]:The spatial distribution of rural settlements is scattered, and the level of land intensive utilization is an important characteristic of the rural land utilization in China. To master the spatial distribution of rural settlements is an important basis for carrying out land consolidation in rural residential areas, digging the potential of rural land, improving the level of intensive utilization of rural land and optimizing the pattern of rural settlement. The research of the spatial pattern, change and driving force of the rural settlement is one of the hot spots in the research of the LUCC in China, and the research results are mainly focused on the scale of the county, the multi-scale and the multi-level spatial pattern of the rural settlement is still slightly weak. The paper takes Jingzhou as the research area, and based on the land-use database and the ARCGIS10.0 platform in 2010, the paper first uses the methods of spatial statistical analysis, density analysis and landscape index analysis to study the different levels of administrative divisions in the region (including the city domain of Jingzhou City). The spatial pattern and spatial differentiation of the rural settlements in the sub-, district and township levels are analyzed. Then, the influence of the regional environment on the spatial pattern of the rural settlements is analyzed by means of buffer analysis, distance analysis and correlation analysis. Then, by means of the system cluster analysis, the spatial pattern of the rural settlements is analyzed. In this paper, the spatial pattern of rural settlement, the environmental factors and the land consolidation potential of the rural settlement are integrated, and the villages and towns in the region are divided; and finally, according to the classification results, the spatial pattern optimization of the rural settlements of different types of villages and towns is put forward. A. Key findings of the study, such as Next: (1) Rural settlement at different levels The spatial pattern is on the level of the city of Jingzhou, and the distribution pattern of the rural settlement is the cluster mode and the space is in an unbalanced state when the area of the rural settlement is ignored; In the case of the area elements, the similar size of the settlements in the space In order to gather the trend, in the urban area of the county, the urban area and the Jiangling county, the rural settlement density is large, the concentration is high; the distribution of the rural settlements in the Songzi and the public security counties is relatively decentralized and the average gauge The mode is small; in Jingzhou District, Jianli County and Honghu City, the large-scale rural settlement is distributed in a certain degree in the space; the first city is the small-scale settlement in the office Regional cluster distribution; on the level of villages and towns, the space of rural settlements The pattern shows four types: the distribution of relatively large-scale rural settlements in the relative spread of space; many small-scale rural settlements in the space-intensive distribution; the small-scale rural settlement is concentrated in the local area; and the small-scale large-scale rural settlements Distribution of settlements in space. (2) Natural environment (river, lake, etc.), production environment (cultivated land, traffic, town) and socio-economic environment (population, economy) The Influence of River to the Spatial Pattern of the Rural Settlement The distribution of the rural settlements has a certain attraction, which is characterized by the distribution of a large number of small-scale rural settlements along the river, and the rural settlement ring lake and the reservoir The distribution phenomenon is prominent in the local area, and the distribution of the rural settlement and the cultivated land has spatial synchronization The rural settlement makes the landscape of the cultivated land be broken. The highway has a great attraction to the rural settlement. About 80% of the rural settlements are distributed within the distance of 1500m around the road. The influence of different grades on the spatial distribution of the rural settlements has obvious difference: along the high-speed The settlement of the road distribution is relatively large, and the scale is large; the number of rural settlements distributed along the national road and the provincial road is large, the distribution is dense and the average scale is small, and the rural settlement of about 66% is distributed along the line of the county and the township road, and the average size of the settlement is large; and the urban area and the city are in the range of 6000 m from the urban area the radiation effect of the environment on the rural settlement is obvious, and the rural settlement tends to be close to the distribution of the building and making town, The number and total area of the rural settlements are significantly reduced; the level of economic development and the scale of the population are closely related to the rural settlements The total area and its occupied landscape According to the spatial pattern, the environmental condition and the land consolidation potential of the rural settlement, the township-type division is divided into five types: the traffic restriction is intensive and the environment is superior and dense. limitation of type and economic cultivated land Intensive, cultivated land traffic restriction dispersion, hand-in The rural settlement space pattern optimization strategy all kinds of villages and towns should pass through The rural settlement pattern is optimized in different rural residential areas. The first and the second-level towns are the first and the second-class towns to focus on the towns and towns, and the fourth and the fifth are the proper adjustment of the villages and towns; the first-class villages and towns should mainly take the rural residential areas which are adjusted in the central village The second category of villages and towns should mainly take natural villages to scale and organize the pattern, and the third and third towns should mainly take the consolidation pattern of combining natural villages and natural villages in the central village, and the fourth category
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU982.29

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