气流反渗隔热墙体热工性能与负荷特性研究

发布时间：2019-06-26 23:11

【摘要】：建筑节能是可持续性发展建设的重要内容之一，其基本任务是：以最小的能耗代价，实现必要的室内热舒适性，保证足够的卫生条件。建筑节能的研发与工程方向大致在于四个方面——高热工性能的围护结构，以降低通过围护结构形成的负荷；高效率的设备，以降低处理同等负荷的能量消耗；合理有效的控制方法与手段，以保证系统和设备运行的效率，并保证室内热舒适性与卫生条件；可再生能源的利用，以降低化石能源的消耗。 本文研究一种新型的外墙——气流反渗隔热墙。该墙的核心是在墙体结构中设计了一个由多孔透气材料构成的气流渗透层，其基本工作方式是，结合空调房间的新风及排风需求，通过墙体的渗透层设计，组织排风以渗透方式、反向流过渗透层，最终排向室外。排风气流在多孔材料结构层进行反向渗透时，能有效地将温差作用下传向室内的导热热量，以对流形式反向带出至室外，实现墙体的高效隔热。这种气流反渗隔热机制在大幅度降低外墙负荷的同时，还能答复降低墙体室内侧表面与室内空气的温差，从而提供更好的热舒适性。此外，现代建筑的密闭性越来越高，气流反渗隔热墙构成的排风通道为新风进入室内提供了便利，有利于保证空气品质。 本文详细描述了气流反渗隔热墙的结构及工作模式，并在此为基础上，建立了气流反渗隔热墙的稳态和非稳态传热数学模型。利用稳态模型计算和分析了影响气流反渗隔热墙传热特性的主要因素。利用非稳态模型，对供冷季气流反渗隔热墙的保温隔热性能参数进行了分析计算，包括了热阻、衰减系数和延迟时间，并将结果与常用的24砖墙及外保温墙进行了比较。此外，通过建立房间空气平衡与墙体传热的耦合模型，进一步计算、分析和比较了上述三种不同外墙的房间在夏季设计日的房间温度响应特性、外墙负荷特性和热舒适性。 本文研究得到以下主要结论表明：（1）气流反渗隔热墙的传热主要受渗透流速和多孔材料厚度的影响，墙体的保温隔热性能随渗透流速和多孔材料厚度增加而增加；（2）相比于24砖墙和外保温墙，气流反渗隔热墙具有相对更高的热阻，同时可以达到趋近于0的衰减系数，在此条件下延迟时间的差异性基本上可以忽略；（3）在房间中，气流反渗隔热墙的开机反应是三种墙体中最快的，内表面温度与室内温度始终维持小于1℃的温差；（4）夏季设计日中，气流反渗隔热墙的冷负荷远远低于其余两种墙体，只有24砖墙冷负荷的1/25和外保温墙冷负荷的1/18，节能优势明显。并且气流反渗隔热墙提供了更均匀的室内热环境。 研究结果表明，气流反渗隔热墙具有十分优越的热工性能，与常用墙体相比，外墙负荷得到大幅降低。采用该种外墙的房间，室内温度的开机响应快，，对室外综合温度的扰动不敏感，可以实现更加的热舒适性，具有良好的工程应用潜力，值得进一步深入研究。
[Abstract]:Building energy efficiency is one of the important contents of the sustainable development and construction. Its basic task is to achieve the necessary indoor thermal comfort with the minimum energy consumption and to ensure adequate sanitation. The research and development of building energy efficiency and the engineering direction are basically four aspects _ high thermal performance of the enclosure structure, so as to reduce the load formed through the enclosure structure; the high-efficiency equipment is used for reducing the energy consumption of the processing of the same load; and the reasonable and effective control method and the means, So as to ensure the operation efficiency of the system and the equipment, and ensure the indoor thermal comfort and the sanitary condition; and the utilization of the renewable energy source can reduce the consumption of the fossil energy. In this paper, a new type of external wall _ air-flow anti-seepage heat insulation is studied The core of the wall is to design a gas-flow permeable layer composed of a porous air-permeable material in the wall structure, a layer, a final discharge chamber, in addition, when the air exhaust gas flows in the reverse osmosis of the porous material structure layer, the heat conduction heat transmitted to the indoor can be effectively transmitted under the action of the temperature difference, and the air exhaust air flow is reversely brought out to the outside in a convection form, so that the high-efficiency separation of the wall body is realized, The air-flow anti-infiltration and heat-insulation mechanism can greatly reduce the load of the outer wall and also can respond to the temperature difference between the indoor side surface of the wall and the indoor air so as to provide better heat and comfort. In addition, the close-close of the modern building is becoming more and more high, and the air exhaust channel formed by the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall is convenient for the fresh air to enter the room, thus being beneficial to ensuring the air product. In this paper, the structure and working mode of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall are described in detail. On the basis of this, the steady and unsteady heat transfer numbers of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall are established. Using the steady-state model to calculate and analyze the main factors that influence the heat transfer characteristics of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall In this paper, a non-steady-state model is used to analyze and calculate the heat-insulating and heat-insulating performance parameters of the air-flow anti-seepage heat-insulating wall for the cold season, including the thermal resistance, the attenuation coefficient and the delay time, and the result is compared with the commonly used 24-wall brick and the external heat-insulating wall. In addition, by establishing the coupling model of room air balance and wall heat transfer, the room temperature response characteristics, exterior wall load characteristics and heat of the three different outer wall rooms in summer were analyzed and compared. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The heat transfer of the air-flow anti-infiltration heat-insulating wall is mainly influenced by the penetration flow rate and the thickness of the porous material, and the heat-insulating property of the wall can be increased with the increase of the penetration flow rate and the thickness of the porous material; and (2) compared with the 24-brick wall, and (3) in the room, the start-up reaction of the air-flow anti-infiltration heat-insulating wall is three walls, The fastest, inner surface temperature and room temperature in the body shall be maintained at a temperature difference of less than 1 鈩

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