生物炭对夏玉米生长和产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-20 00:13

本文选题：生物炭 + 夏玉米　；参考：《农业环境科学学报》2014年08期

【摘要】：通过大田试验,在夏玉米(Zea mays L.)主要生育时期测定叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质重等指标,在成熟期测定产量,分析生物炭不同施用量[0(CK)、1000 kg·hm-2(T1),5000 kg·hm-2(T2),10 000 kg·hm-2(T3)]对夏玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明,不同量的生物炭施用均能显著提高夏玉米产量,其中T1增产幅度最大,达8.8%;产量构成因素表现为穗粒数T3显著高于T1和CK,百粒重T1显著高于T3和CK。生物炭显著影响LAI、叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积累等指标,T2、T3处理能显著增加夏玉米地上部干物质重,在各生育时期分别高于对照9.2%~20.5%和11.5%~36.7%;在生长前期表现为高生物炭施用量更有利于叶面积指数的增加和光合速率的提高,但生长后期,较低量的生物炭施用更有利于叶片的持绿和光合作用的持续,而较高量的生物炭施用下生育后期植株有早衰迹象,从收获指数来看,T1收获指数达57.4%,分别显著高于T2、T3和CK8.3%、13.2%和6.5%,这表明低施用量生物炭更有利于夏玉米光合产物向籽粒的转运。综合来看,生物炭施用有利于夏玉米的干物质积累,尤其是较低的生物炭施用量更有利于后期叶片光合性能的维持和籽粒产量的提高。
[Abstract]:In summer maize, Zea mays L. Leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index (Lai), dry matter weight (DW) were measured at main growing stage, yield was measured at maturity stage, and the effects of different application of biochar on growth and yield of summer maize were analyzed. The results showed that the yield of summer maize was significantly increased by applying different amounts of biochar, among which T1 increased the yield by 8.8.The yield components showed that the number of grains per ear was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK, and that of 100 kernel weight T1 was significantly higher than that of T3 and CK. Biochar significantly affected Lai, leaf net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and so on. In each growth period, the rate of leaf area index and photosynthetic rate were increased by 20.5% and 11.56.7g, respectively, and the increase of leaf area index and photosynthetic rate increased in the early stage of growth, but in the late stage of growth, higher application of biochar was more beneficial to the increase of leaf area index and photosynthesis rate. The lower amount of biochar application was more favorable to the green retention and photosynthesis of leaves, while the higher amount of biochar application showed early senescence in the late growth period. The harvest index of T 1 was 57.4%, which was significantly higher than that of T 2T 3 and CK 8.3% and 6.5%, respectively, which indicated that low application of biochar was more favorable to the transport of photosynthate from summer maize to grain. In general, the application of biochar was beneficial to dry matter accumulation of summer maize, especially to the maintenance of leaf photosynthesis and the increase of grain yield.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学农学院;
【基金】：“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题(2013BAD20B03) 国家自然科学基金项目(31071375) 高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B12007) 大学生科学创新实验项目(201210712002)
【分类号】：S513

【相似文献】