生物有机肥对樱桃生长及根际土壤生物学特征的影响

发布时间：2018-08-31 15:03

【摘要】：以一年生‘吉塞拉’樱桃苗为试材,通过盆栽试验,利用传统的平板计数法和现代的T-RFLP技术,研究有机肥(OF)和生物有机肥(BF)对樱桃根际土壤微生物数量、微生物量碳和氮、细菌群落结构多样性、土壤酶活性、樱桃生长及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:施用OF和BF后可不同程度地提高根际土壤中的微生物数量及微生物量碳、氮;同OF处理比,BF处理中的放线菌、真菌、微生物总量、微生物量碳和微生物量氮分别提高了115.65%,115.96%,48.3%,58.68%和23.72%,细菌数量差异未达显著水平。同对照相比,OF和BF的施用可提高根际土壤细菌群落结构的多样性及丰富度。同对照相比,OF提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。同OF相比,BF处理的脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性显著提高。OF的施用可促进樱桃根系的生长,提高N和P的养分吸收量。同OF处理相比,BF处理根、茎和叶的生物量分别增加9.55%,9.98%和11.16%,N、P和K养分吸收量分别提高15.35%,21.06%和32.09%。由此可见,盆栽条件下,施用有机肥和生物有机肥均可有效改善樱桃根际土壤生态环境,促进樱桃生长和养分的吸收,但生物有机肥的施用效果明显优于有机肥。
[Abstract]:The effects of organic fertilizer (OF) and biological organic fertilizer (BF) on soil microbial count, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in cherry rhizosphere were studied by pot experiment with annual 'Gisela' cherry seedling. The traditional plate counting method and modern T-RFLP technique were used to study the effects of (OF) and (BF) on the soil biomass of cherry rhizosphere. Effects of bacterial community diversity, soil enzyme activity, cherry growth and nutrient uptake. The results showed that the amount of microbial biomass, carbon and nitrogen in rhizosphere soil could be increased by applying OF and BF, and the total amount of actinomycetes, fungi and microbes in Rhizosphere soil treated with OF was higher than that in OF treatment. Microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 115.65% and 48.3%, respectively. Compared with the control, the application of OF and BF could increase the diversity and richness of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil. Compared with the control, the activity of urease and sucrase in soil was increased by OF. Compared with OF, the activities of urease, phosphatase, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase increased significantly. Compared with OF treatment, the biomass of stem and leaf increased by 9.559.98% and 11.16%, respectively, and the nutrient uptake of N + P and K increased 15.35% and 32.09%, respectively. It can be seen that the application of organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer can effectively improve the soil ecological environment of cherry rhizosphere and promote the growth and absorption of nutrients in cherry rhizosphere, but the application effect of biological organic fertilizer is obviously better than that of organic fertilizer.
【作者单位】：山东农业大学生命科学学院山东省农业微生物重点实验室;山东省林业科学研究院;
【基金】：山东省科学技术发展计划项目(2007GG2009007) 国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1505-3)
【分类号】：S662.5;S154

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