纳米二氧化硅复合材料的制备及其应用于高蜡稠油降凝降粘性能评价

发布时间：2018-01-24 08:39

  本文关键词： 球状二氧化硅纳米粒 介孔二氧化硅纳米粒 表面改性 复合材料 高蜡稠油 降凝 降粘　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：化学降凝降粘剂法是目前在稠油开采和运输上最有价值的技术手段,以加入量少、操作简单、耗能量低、以及无后处理工艺等优势而受到广泛关注。纳米尺寸的降凝降粘剂是近几年来新开发的一种高效的制剂,它的小尺寸效应能够改变稠油中重组分的团聚和结晶行为,进而改善稠油在低温下的流动性。本课题选用Stober方法合成了多种不同尺寸的二氧化硅实心球(sSi02),其中优选出了 4种尺寸:50nm、100nm、200nm、300nm的sSiO2作为基体,利用硅烷偶联剂对其进行改性,接枝有机单体,使之由亲水变亲油,并引入强极性基团,应用于大庆林源站高蜡稠油,进行凝点和粘度的测试,探究的sSi02尺寸对有机单体接技率影响以及相应的复合材料对降低稠油凝点和粘度的影响。结果表明:随sSi02尺寸不断增大,sSiO2和复合材料的分散性越来越好,有机单机的接枝率不断减小,降凝降粘程度先增大然后保持平稳,再继续加入效果有所下降,在粒径在1OOnm时达到最佳效果,凝点降低6.4℃,在40℃时原油粘度由189.7mm2/s降至43.62mm2/s,表观降粘率为77.01%,净降粘率为47.44%。为了提高有机单体的有效接枝率,选用模板法制备了具有孔道结构,比表面积巨大的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSN),选用粒径在100nm左右的MSN,进行改性接枝,得到PSMA-AM/MSN复合材料,应用于大庆林源站高蜡原油。凝点和粘度测试结果显示,在PSMA-AM/MSN加剂量为300ppm时,降凝和降粘效果均达到最佳,凝点降低7.2℃,40℃时粘度由189.7mm2/s降至40.297mm2/s,表观降粘率为78.76%,净降粘率为51.45%,相比于sSi02复合材料,PSMA-AM/MSN降凝降粘效果更好,这是由于MSN的孔道结构有效的增大了纳米粒子的比表面积,为有机物的接枝和作为成核点吸附蜡质在其表面及孔道内部结晶析出提供了更大的空间,有效地加大稠油中重组分的分散性,进而改善稠油在低温下的流动性。
[Abstract]:Chemical coagulation and viscosity reducer method is the most valuable technique in heavy oil production and transportation at present. It has the advantages of low addition, simple operation and low energy consumption. Nano-size viscosity reducer is a new and efficient preparation developed in recent years. Its small size effect can change the agglomeration and crystallization behavior of recombination fractions in heavy oil. In order to improve the fluidity of heavy oil at low temperature, a variety of silica solid sphere sSi02s of different sizes have been synthesized by Stober method, among which 4 sizes have been selected. The sSiO2 of 100nm / 200nm was modified by silane coupling agent, and the organic monomer was grafted to make it hydrophilic to hydrophilic and oil-lipophilic, and a strong polar group was introduced. The freezing point and viscosity of high wax heavy oil from Yu Daqing Linyuan Station were measured. The effects of the size of sSi02 on the grafting rate of organic monomer and the effect of the corresponding composite on the reduction of condensate point and viscosity of heavy oil were investigated. The results showed that the size of sSi02 increased with the increase of the size of sSi02. The dispersity of sSiO2 and composites is getting better and better. The grafting rate of organic single machine decreases continuously, the degree of viscosity reduction increases first and then keeps steady, and then the effect of adding continues to decrease. When the particle size is at 1OOnm, the best effect is achieved, the freezing point is reduced by 6.4 鈩，

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