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多支化低伤害压裂液稠化剂的研制及性能评价

发布时间:2018-01-29 14:42

  本文关键词: 多支化聚合物 压裂液 稠化剂 低伤害 性能评价 出处:《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:随着对低渗、超低渗油气田的不断开发,水力压裂技术已成为最直接、有效的增产、增注方式之一,而压裂液性能好坏则是影响压裂施工成败的关键因素。目前,常用水基压裂液稠化剂为胍胶及其衍生物,但胍胶类稠化剂对储层具有一定伤害,且货源与价格波动较大。因此,合成聚合物压裂液稠化剂的研究越来越受到重视。 通过对国内外压裂液研究现状的大量调研与分析,本文合成了一种多支化低伤害压裂液稠化剂,并通过疏水改性,使之兼顾常规压裂液的高黏度、强携砂能力和清洁压裂液的无残渣、低伤害的优势,为低渗透油气藏压裂液提供更好的选择。论文完成的主要研究工作如下: 首先,以乙二胺与丙烯酸甲酯为初始原料,通过Michael加成与酰胺化缩合反应合成出聚酰胺-胺大分子,并用3-二甲胺基丙胺与顺丁烯二酸酐对半代PAMAM树形大分子进行了季铵化与功能化改性,得到能进行下一步聚合反应的PAMAM功能性骨架大单体。其次,以功能性骨架单体为核,AM、AA以及疏水单体为臂合成出了多支化聚合物(MBPAM-8),并对其进行了功能性骨架单体的浓度、疏水单体浓度、单体总浓度、引发剂加量、反应温度等反应条件的优化。此外,利用红外光谱(R)、核磁共振(’H-NMR)和元素分析(EA)对功能性骨架单体与多支化聚合物进行了一系列结构表征,证明了产物与预期结果相同;同时初步研究了MBPAM-8的增稠性能、流变参数及抗剪切性能。最后,对表面活性剂类型及浓度进行了优选,确定多支化低伤害压裂液稠化体系的配方为:0.4%~0.5%MBPAM-8+0.03%~0.05%SDBS,并根据水基压裂液评价方法与石油行业标准对多支化低伤害稠化体系进行了系统的性能评价。 实验结果表明:多支化低伤害压裂液稠化体系在90-C、170s-1下剪切2h后黏度仍保持在90mPa.s以上,最高耐温可达115.8℃,体现出良好的耐温、抗剪切性能;在25~90℃下,流性指数n值与稠度系数K值分别为0.307~0.371和3.72-4.91Pa-sn之间,表现出很好的增稠能力;使用浓度0.15%的(NH4)2S2O8作为破胶剂时,在25℃、60℃与90。C条件下,彻底破胶时间为6-7h,破胶液黏度在2.7-3.9mPa.s之间,破胶液的表面/界面张力则在23.7~25.9mN/m与0.56~0.6mN/m的范围内,破胶效果较好;破胶后无残渣以及破胶液对岩心渗透率损害率为10.5%-14.1%,破胶液与地层水配伍性良好等结果均说明该压裂液稠化体系具有增稠能力强,破胶性能好、表面张力低、无残渣、低伤害等特点。 本文合成的多支化低伤害压裂液稠化剂进一步完善了水基压裂液体系,对推动常规、非常规低渗透油气藏的压裂技术发展具有重要指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oil and gas fields, hydraulic fracturing technology has become one of the most direct and effective ways to increase production and injection. The performance of fracturing fluid is the key factor to affect the success or failure of fracturing operation. At present, guanidine gel and its derivatives are commonly used as thickening agent of water-based fracturing fluid, but guanidine gel thickener has certain damage to reservoir. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the study of synthetic polymer fracturing fluid thickener. Through a lot of investigation and analysis on the research status of fracturing fluid at home and abroad, this paper synthesized a multi-branched low-harm fracturing fluid thickener, and through hydrophobic modification to make it take into account the high viscosity of conventional fracturing fluid. The advantages of strong sand carrying capacity and clean fracturing fluid without residue and low damage provide a better choice for fracturing fluid in low permeability reservoirs. The main research work accomplished in this paper is as follows: Firstly, polyamide-amine macromolecules were synthesized from ethylenediamine and methyl acrylate by Michael addition and amidation condensation. Semi-generation PAMAM dendrimers were modified by quaternary ammonium and functionalization with 3-dimethylaminopropylamine and maleic anhydride. The functional skeleton macromonomer of PAMAM can be obtained for the next step of polymerization. Secondly, the functional skeleton monomer is used as the core of AM. The multi-branched polymer MBPAM-8 was synthesized by AA and hydrophobic monomer, and the concentration of functional skeleton monomer, hydrophobic monomer, the total concentration of monomer and the amount of initiator were studied. Optimization of reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature. In addition, IR spectra were used. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis (EA) were used to characterize the structure of functional skeleton monomer and multi-branched polymer. It was proved that the product was the same as the expected result. At the same time, the thickening properties, rheological parameters and shear resistance of MBPAM-8 were preliminarily studied. Finally, the type and concentration of surfactants were selected. The formula for determining the thickening system of multi-branched low-harm fracturing fluid is: 1: 0.4and 0.5MBPAM-8 0.03 and 0.05SDBS. According to the evaluation method of water-based fracturing fluid and petroleum industry standard, the performance evaluation of multi-branched low-damage thickening system was carried out systematically. The experimental results show that the viscosity of multi-branched low-injury fracturing fluid thickening system is still above 90mPa.s after shear 2h under 90-Cn170s-1, and the highest temperature tolerance is 115.8 鈩,

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