正牵引构造形成过程的物理模拟及其油气勘探意义:以克-百断裂带为例

发布时间：2018-03-26 04:48

本文选题：正牵引构造　切入点：演化模式　出处：《高校地质学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：长期以来牵引构造被视为油气勘探的重点领域,随着构造沉积学的发展,同沉积逆牵引构造已经取得了大量的进展,但是对正牵引构造的研究还比较少,使其成为了研究热点。关于克-百断裂带的构造成因机制尚还存在争论,与正牵引构造相关的物理模拟在国内尚未见报道。本文通过地震解释资料描述了准噶尔盆地西北缘克-百断裂带正牵引构造的变形特征,结合应力场分析,讨论了正牵引构造的成因机制;并设计物理模型对正牵引构造的形成演化进行了模拟,给出了克-百断裂带为挤压成因的新论据。研究认为,克-百断裂带的正牵引构造是在印支期、燕山期挤压推覆过程中形成的,属于同生逆断层体系;塑性地层的发育是正牵引构造产生的前提;随着前冲断层倾角变大,断层活动性减弱,为断层上盘地层收缩形成正牵引构造创造了条件。此次研究提出正牵引构造的形成演化模式分为三个阶段:第一阶段为褶皱轴面紧贴断层面的雏形阶段;第二阶段为褶皱轴面旋转,规模扩展阶段;第三阶段为继承性同沉积阶段。结合前人研究成果,认为同生逆断层可作为油气运移通道,但是正牵引构造的高部位并不一定是有利的油气聚集区;正牵引构造第一阶段形成的底形控制了砂体的展布,在第二阶段,构造低部位能形成岩性油气藏;而正牵引构造发育的第三阶段,可在构造高部位形成构造或地层圈闭油气藏。
[Abstract]:Traction structure has been regarded as the key field of oil and gas exploration for a long time. With the development of tectonic sedimentology, a great deal of progress has been made in the same sedimentary reverse traction structure, but the research on positive traction structure is still relatively few. It has become a hot topic of study. There is still a debate about the tectonic mechanism of the Ke-Bai fault zone. The physical simulation related to the normal traction structure has not been reported in China. In this paper, the deformation characteristics of the normal traction structure in the Ke-Bai fault zone of the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin are described by seismic interpretation data, and the stress field analysis is combined. This paper discusses the genetic mechanism of the normal traction structure, designs a physical model to simulate the formation and evolution of the positive traction structure, and gives a new argument that the Ke-Bai fault zone is the cause of compression. The normal traction structure of the Ke-Bai fault zone was formed during the Indosinian and Yanshanian compressional nappe, which belongs to the syngenic reverse fault system. The development of plastic strata is the premise of the positive traction structure. The weakening of fault activity creates conditions for the formation of positive traction structure in the upper disk of the fault. This study suggests that the evolution model of positive traction structure can be divided into three stages: the first stage is the embryonic stage of the fold axial plane close to the fault plane; The second stage is the stage of fold axis rotation and the stage of scale expansion, the third stage is the stage of inheritance and deposition. Combined with the previous research results, it is considered that the syngenic reverse fault can be used as the migration channel of oil and gas. However, the high position of the positive traction structure is not necessarily a favorable oil and gas accumulation area, the bottom shape of the first stage of the positive traction structure controls the distribution of the sand body, and in the second stage, the low part of the structure can form lithologic reservoirs. In the third stage of the development of positive traction structure, structural or stratigraphic traps can be formed in the high part of the structure.
【作者单位】：中国石油勘探开发研究院;中国石油杭州地质研究院;中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院;中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41372116) 中国石油集团科技重大专项(2014E-32-09)联合资助
【分类号】：P618.13

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