安全环保型清蜡剂研制

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:40

  本文选题：清蜡剂 + 化学清蜡　； 参考：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：油井结蜡是含蜡原油油井常见问题之一,仅仅对油井进行防蜡处理是不够的,必须进行定期清蜡才能保证油井正常运行。油井清蜡方法很多,如机械清蜡、热力清蜡、微生物清蜡、化学清蜡等。清蜡方法多种多样,但均存在弊端,如清蜡过程中需要停止生产、微生物在恶劣环境存活时间短、耗能、有些方法只能清理管壁上的蜡不能清除其他位置的蜡等缺点。其中,化学清蜡方法存在诸多优点,可避免以上提出的任意一条弊端,化学清蜡方法是一个可取的清蜡方法。化学清蜡方法也存在一定的弊端如油基清蜡剂闪点低易燃易爆、部分清蜡剂污染油井、部分清蜡剂凝点高不适合冬季使用。为充分利用化学清蜡剂的优点,改其不足,研制出安全、环保、清蜡效果好、适合冬季使用的清蜡剂,对化学清蜡方法进行研究,研制出了三种清蜡剂,分别为油基清蜡剂、分散型清蜡剂及热化学分散型清蜡剂。油基清蜡剂主要是对12种药剂进行了单剂优选,对优选出的3种药剂进行了复配实验,以溶蜡速率、闪点、凝点、有机氯含量、有机硫含量为分析指标,最终得到二甲苯与-35#柴油复配公式、煤油和-35#柴油复配公式。分散型清蜡剂以溶蜡速率为分析指标,以-35#柴油为有机溶剂。分析得到当-35#柴油含量为50%时溶蜡速率最高、溶蜡效果最好;对Span-80、Tween-80、Tween-60、Tween-40、OP-10及尼纳尔六种分散剂进行了实验研究,只有加入尼纳尔溶蜡效果较差,其余溶蜡速率及溶蜡效果基本一致,本实验选择使用Span-80作为分散剂;为保证冬季使用分析了乙二醇加入量与凝点的关系,得到了乙二醇含量与凝点关系式;分析了加入-35#柴油、煤油、甲苯、二甲苯时的溶蜡速率,结果表明,溶蜡速率均有所提高,水作为分散相是非常可取得。对分散型清蜡剂在大庆采油八厂进行了现场试验,现场回馈的数据显示载荷均有下降,清蜡周期大于15 d,平均清蜡周期为17.9 d。热化学分散型清蜡剂以溶蜡速率为主要分析指标,对生热体系加入量、催化剂种类及加入量、分散剂加入量进行了优选实验,实验结果为氯化铵加入量为3 g/(125ml)、亚硝酸钠加入量为2 g/(125ml)、冰乙酸加入量为0.02 ml/(125ml)、Span-80加入量为0.3g/(125ml)时溶蜡速率最高。
[Abstract]:Wax deposit is one of the common problems in waxy crude oil wells. It is not enough to treat the oil wells with paraffin control only, and it is necessary to carry out regular wax removal to ensure the normal operation of the wells. Oil well wax removal methods, such as mechanical wax removal, thermal wax removal, microbial wax removal, chemical wax removal and so on. There are many kinds of cleaning methods, but all have some disadvantages, such as the need to stop production in the process of wax cleaning, the short survival time of microorganism in the bad environment, the energy consumption, and the shortcomings that some methods can only clean the wax on the pipe wall and not remove the wax in other places. Among them, chemical wax removal method has many advantages, can avoid any of the above disadvantages, chemical wax removal method is a desirable method of wax removal. Chemical wax removal methods also have some disadvantages such as low flash point of oil based dewaxing agent flammable and explosive some dewaxing agents contaminating oil wells and high freezing point of some dewaxing agents are not suitable for winter use. In order to make full use of the advantages and disadvantages of chemical dewaxing agent, to develop a kind of dewaxing agent which is safe, environmentally friendly, and suitable for winter use, three dewaxing agents have been developed, one of which is oil based wax remover. Dispersion type wax dewaxing agent and thermochemical dispersion type wax dewaxing agent. Oil-base dewaxing agent was mainly selected for 12 kinds of chemicals, and the compound experiments were carried out for 3 kinds of chemicals. The analytical indexes were wax dissolution rate, flash point, freezing point, organic chlorine content and organic sulfur content. Finally, the formula of mixture of xylene and-3 diesel oil, kerosene and-3 diesel oil were obtained. The dissolving rate of wax was taken as the analytical index and the diesel oil-3 was used as organic solvent. The results show that the wax dissolution rate is the highest and the wax dissolution effect is the best when the diesel oil content is 50. Six dispersants, Span-80 Tween-80, Tween-60, Tween-40 OP-10 and Ninever, are studied experimentally. The results show that the wax dissolution rate and the other wax dissolution rates are basically the same. In this experiment, Span-80 was used as dispersant, the relationship between ethylene glycol content and freezing point was analyzed in winter, and the relationship between ethylene glycol content and freezing point was obtained, and the wax dissolution rate of diesel oil, kerosene, toluene and xylene was analyzed when adding -3 diesel oil, kerosene, toluene and xylene. The results show that the rate of wax dissolution has been improved and water as the dispersed phase can be obtained. The field test of dispersed dewaxing agent in Daqing oil recovery plant was carried out. The data of field feedback showed that the load was decreased, the wax removal period was more than 15 days, and the average wax removal period was 17.9 days. The addition amount of heat generating system, the type and amount of catalyst, and the amount of dispersant were optimized with the wax dissolution rate as the main analysis index. The results show that the rate of wax dissolution is the highest when the amount of ammonium chloride is 3 g / m ~ (125) ml ~ (-1), sodium nitrite is 2 g / L ~ (125) ml ~ (-1), and acetic acid is 0.02 ml / ~ (125) ml ~ (-1) Span-80).
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE358.2
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本文编号：1957355