含硫气田井喷事故公共报警理论及系统开发的研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 09:21

【摘要】：近几十年来,含硫气田发生过多次井喷事故,给周边居民、企业职工的安全健康以及周边环境带来极大危害。公共报警是井喷事故中为公众提供保护的重要措施之一,而传统的广域警报系统影响的范围过大,容易造成周围安全区域内居民恐慌。我国含硫气井分布区域具有地理环境复杂,居民居住分散,有线通讯网络脆弱等特点,因此,开展含硫气田井喷事故公共报警的基础理论的研究,并据此研发一套可靠的可控区域的无线公共报警系统,对于减少人员伤亡,保障快速高效地开展避灾和救灾活动,具有重要的意义。本文采取理论分析、仿真模拟与案例应用、系统设计与研发以及系统效能评估相结合的方法,针对含硫气田井喷事故,对公共报警理论及技术进行了研究。通过理论分析,基于区域疏散中人员的时空分布规律,建立了基于交通疏散网络和社会关系网络的分户警报传播的双层网络模型。然后引入人体脆弱性模型,提出了含硫气田井喷事故疏散风险的定量评价方法,并据此建立了公共报警系统警报接收端部署的双目标优化模型(BOPM),并基于贪婪策略设计了可获得BOPM问题较好可行解的实用算法。最后运用运筹学中图论及多目标优化的理论和方法建立了应急路径的多目标优化模型(MOOP),基于启发式思想提出了适合求解该模型的静态和动态算法,并详细分析了算法的终止条件、时间复杂度及算法优势。通过对分户警报传播模型的仿真模拟,分析得出可用疏散时间越长或警报接收设备部署比例越高,报警效果越好,而相同的报警效果下,社会关系越紧密,需要部署的警报接收设备数量越少；通过对BOPM模型的应用实例分析表明,在降低部署成本和缓解道路拥塞水平方面,本文提出的优化部署方法比传统的平均部署方法更具优越性；通过对MOOP模型及其算法的随机路网和真实路网测试,得出了MOOP模型及算法在实际的应急路径决策问题中可行且有效,适宜作为含硫气田井喷事故公共报警系统中警报文本信息生成的底层算法。在前述理论分析的基础上,本文基于分址调频广播技术对含硫气田井喷事故公共报警系统进行研发,给出了系统发射端分布式软件系统、接收端硬件和嵌入式软件的设计与实现方案,最后建立了系统效能评估的Queuing模型、Deadline模型和Probit模型及其指标体系研究,从而为含硫气田公共报警系统的搭建、改进与优化提供了技术支持。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, there have been many blowout accidents in sulfur-containing gas fields, which bring great harm to the safety and health of the surrounding residents, employees and the surrounding environment. Public alarm is one of the important measures to protect the public in well blowout accidents, but the traditional wide area alarm system has too large an impact, which can easily cause panic in the surrounding safety area. The distribution area of sulfur-bearing gas wells in China is characterized by complex geographical environment, scattered residents, fragile wired communication network, etc. Therefore, the basic theory of public alarm for well blowout accidents in sulfur-bearing gas fields is studied. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a reliable wireless public alarm system in controllable areas for reducing casualties and ensuring rapid and efficient disaster avoidance and disaster relief activities. Based on the methods of theoretical analysis, simulation and case application, system design and research and development, and evaluation of system effectiveness, this paper studies the theory and technology of public alarm for well blowout accidents in sulfur-bearing gas fields. Based on the temporal and spatial distribution of personnel in regional evacuation, a two-layer network model of alarm propagation based on traffic evacuation network and social network is established by theoretical analysis. Then, by introducing the human body vulnerability model, a quantitative evaluation method for evacuation risk of well blowout accident in sulfur-bearing gas field is put forward. Based on this, a two-objective optimization model (BOPM),) for alarm receiver deployment in a public alarm system is established. Based on greedy strategy, a practical algorithm is designed to obtain a better feasible solution to the BOPM problem. Finally, by using the theory and method of graph and multi-objective optimization in operational research, the multi-objective optimization model of emergency path is established. Based on the heuristic idea, a static and dynamic algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The termination condition, the time complexity and the advantages of the algorithm are analyzed in detail. Through the simulation of the alarm propagation model, it is concluded that the longer the evacuation time is available or the higher the proportion of alarm receiving equipment is, the better the alarm effect is, and the closer the social relationship is under the same alarm effect. The fewer alarm receiving devices need to be deployed, the analysis of the application examples of BOPM model shows that, in reducing deployment cost and reducing road congestion level, The optimal deployment method proposed in this paper is superior to the traditional average deployment method, and the random road network and real road network test of MOOP model and its algorithm are carried out. It is concluded that the MOOP model and algorithm are feasible and effective in the practical emergency path decision problem, which is suitable for the bottom algorithm of generating alarm text information in the public alarm system of well blowout accidents in sulfur-bearing gas fields. On the basis of the above theoretical analysis, this paper develops a public alarm system for well blowout accidents in sulfuric gas fields based on the technology of addressable frequency modulation broadcasting, and presents a distributed software system at the launching end of the system. The design and implementation of the receiver hardware and embedded software are presented. Finally, the Queuing model, the Probit model and the index system of the system effectiveness evaluation are established, so as to set up the public alarm system for the sulfur-containing gas field. Technical support is provided for improvement and optimization.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE28

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