中国典型重质油油藏采油功能微生物及对原油作用的研究
发布时间：2018-11-20 04:20
【摘要】：油藏环境中存在采油功能微生物菌群是微生物采油技术应用的关键。本论文采用分子生态学研究方法16S r RNA基因克隆文库研究了中国七个不同温度典型重质油油藏的微生物群落结构组成,分离采油功能菌株;采用色谱质谱联用技术和电喷雾傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱技术研究微生物菌群对高凝油的降解作用,在分子水平上探讨微生物菌群对原油中极性化合物尤其是含氮和含氧化合物的作用转化机制。主要研究内容及取得的成果如下:(1)对不同地层温度(20-80℃)我国七个典型重质油油藏微生物群落分析结果表明,微生物群落组成差异很大,其中温度对微生物群落组成影响最大,油田水矿化度和原油性质等也造成微生物群落组成不同,但其共同特点是存在丰富的降解石油烃和产生物表面活性剂铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)等微生物采油功能菌群,结果表明研究的重质油油藏具备开展微生物采油潜力,从而拓宽了微生物采油应用的油藏范围。(2)分析新疆低温重质油油藏油井T6190食物链代谢途径系微生物菌群的结果表明,该油井具有完整的原油食物链代谢途径;螺旋菌(Spirochaetes)在五个样品中都检测到,推测螺旋菌是油藏本源菌。(3)采用降解原油菌和产表面活性剂菌筛选性培养基,从所研究的八个不同油藏分离纯化得到62株采油功能菌菌株,其中20株地衣芽孢杆菌(Baclicus lincheniformis)和3株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)是微生物提高原油采收率技术的最常用菌株;降解原油菌株蜡样芽孢杆菌和施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri);产生物膜和生物聚合菌阴沟肠杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和Arcobacter molluscorum;这些株储备了微生物采油应用的菌种资源。(4)针对辽河油田高凝析油油藏开展微生物采油实验,实验室筛选得到最佳激活剂配方为(100ml):糖蜜2g或玉米浆干粉(0.6g/ml)、(NH4)2HPO40.3g、KNO30.2g和原油2g;该激活剂在实验室条件下培养液的菌体数可以达到108cell/ml,表面活性指标排油圈检测的直径达5cm。采用高温气相色谱和阴离子傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱分析了实验室和矿场试验条件下被激活微生物的作用使原油中的长链烃以及高碳链的杂原子化合物的相对含量下降,而短链烃以及低碳数的N1杂原子化合物的相对含量增加,结果证明激活微生物菌群能降解长链烃以及杂原子化合物的长烷基支链。
[Abstract]:The existence of microbial flora in reservoir environment is the key to the application of microbial oil recovery technology. In this paper, the microbial community structure of seven typical heavy oil reservoirs at different temperatures in China was studied by using the 16s r RNA gene clone library based on molecular ecology, and oil recovery functional strains were isolated. The degradation of high coagulant oil by microflora was studied by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The transformation mechanism of microbial flora on polar compounds, especially nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing compounds, in crude oil was studied at molecular level. The main research contents and results obtained are as follows: (1) the results of microbial community analysis of seven typical heavy oil reservoirs in China at different formation temperatures (20-80 鈩，
本文编号：2343699
[Abstract]:The existence of microbial flora in reservoir environment is the key to the application of microbial oil recovery technology. In this paper, the microbial community structure of seven typical heavy oil reservoirs at different temperatures in China was studied by using the 16s r RNA gene clone library based on molecular ecology, and oil recovery functional strains were isolated. The degradation of high coagulant oil by microflora was studied by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The transformation mechanism of microbial flora on polar compounds, especially nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing compounds, in crude oil was studied at molecular level. The main research contents and results obtained are as follows: (1) the results of microbial community analysis of seven typical heavy oil reservoirs in China at different formation temperatures (20-80 鈩，
本文编号：2343699
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