节流管汇节流压力控制实物仿真设计与实现

发布时间：2018-12-16 18:06

【摘要】：石油资源的勘探开发过程中,一旦井底的压力平衡控制不当,则可能会引发诸如井侵、溢流、井喷等重大恶性事故,事故的发生会带来诸如现场设备的损坏、造成油气井的废弃、并引发一系列的环境污染问题,甚至重大的井控事故会威胁井控作业人员以及油气井周边群众的生命财产安全。因此,必须不断提高现场生产井控作业人员的井控技术水平。现今实物仿真技术被广泛应用于工业领域,本文将实物仿真技术应用到实际的钻井井控培训中进而设计出井控实物仿真培训系统,与虚拟仿真培训相比,实物仿真培训系统能够提高培训学员受训时的井控生产环境的拟真度,进而达到更高效的井控培训效果,确保受训人员在油气井生产中能够安全可靠的实施井控作业。本文主要研究内容如下:第一,在深入了解节流管汇节流压力调节这一基本操作的培训流程和节流管汇的组成与工作原理的基础上,基于实物仿真技术的原理完成了节流管汇节流压力控制实物仿真流程的详细设计并完成了节流压力控制仿真中节流管汇相关硬件设备的改造。在了解节流管汇的节流元件数学模型和节流压力控制系统的构成的基础上,构建节流压力控制系统的数学模型。第二,根据节流管汇节流压力控制实物仿真原理,在深入研究PID闭环控制系统的基础上,结合模糊控制和神经网络理论,提出适合节流压力控制仿真培训的节流管汇节流压力模糊自适应控制算法,并将其应用到节流压力控制实物仿真培训系统中。仿真的结果显示在节流压力控制操作过程中模糊自适应控制算法可以有效地提高系统的控制效果,实现对节流阀阀门开度的精确控制,进而精确控制模拟仿真压力仪表的示数变化,为培训学员营造近似真实的井控培训环境。第三,根据井控培训的实际需求以及现有的井控操作规范,在节流压力模糊自适应控制算法的基础上,完成节流管汇节流压力控制实物仿真培训系统的设计与实现。以紫金桥组态监控软件为开发平台建立了节流压力控制实物仿真培训系统,实现自动化的井控培训,代替传统的人工教学井控培训模式,为井控培训提供一种新型、高效的培训方式,从而缩短员工培训周期提高培训效率。综上所述,本文完成节流管汇节流压力控制实物仿真的设计与实现,并将其投入到实际的钻井井控培训中验证其可行性,仿真结果表明实物仿真培训系统提高井控培训的效率并达到了更好的培训效果,从而减小了实际生产过程中井控事故发生几率,保证了安全可靠的井控生产。
[Abstract]:In the process of exploration and development of petroleum resources, once the pressure balance at the bottom of the well is not properly controlled, it may lead to serious accidents such as well invasion, overflow, blowout and so on. As a result, oil and gas wells are abandoned, and a series of environmental pollution problems are caused, even major well control accidents will threaten the safety of well control workers and the lives and property of the people around oil and gas wells. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the level of well control technology of field production well control workers. Nowadays, the physical simulation technology is widely used in the field of industry. In this paper, the physical simulation technology is applied to the actual drilling well control training and a well control physical simulation training system is designed, which is compared with the virtual simulation training. The physical simulation training system can improve the simulation degree of the training students' well control production environment, and then achieve a more efficient well control training effect to ensure that the trainees can safely and reliably carry out well control operations in oil and gas wells production. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, on the basis of deeply understanding the training process of throttling pressure regulation, the composition and working principle of throttling manifold, Based on the principle of physical simulation technology, the detailed design of the physical simulation flow of throttling pressure control in throttling tube is completed, and the revamping of related hardware equipment in throttling pressure control simulation is completed. On the basis of understanding the mathematical model of throttling element and the structure of throttling pressure control system, the mathematical model of throttling pressure control system is constructed. Secondly, according to the principle of physical simulation of throttling pressure control in throttling tube, on the basis of in-depth study of PID closed-loop control system, combined with fuzzy control and neural network theory, This paper presents a fuzzy adaptive control algorithm for throttling pressure control simulation training, and applies it to the physical simulation training system of throttling pressure control. The simulation results show that the fuzzy adaptive control algorithm can effectively improve the control effect of the system and realize the accurate control of throttle valve opening in the process of throttling pressure control operation. Furthermore, the logarithmic change of simulated pressure instrument is controlled accurately, and the training environment of well control is built up for the trainee. Thirdly, according to the actual requirements of well control training and the existing well control operation specifications, the design and implementation of the physical simulation training system for throttling pressure control is completed on the basis of the fuzzy adaptive control algorithm of throttling pressure. A physical simulation training system for throttling pressure control is established on the platform of Zijin Bridge configuration monitoring software, which realizes automatic well control training, replaces the traditional manual teaching well control training mode, and provides a new type of well control training. Efficient training method, thus shortens the staff training cycle, enhances the training efficiency. To sum up, this paper completes the design and realization of the physical simulation of throttling pressure control, and puts it into the actual drilling well control training to verify its feasibility. The simulation results show that the physical simulation training system improves the efficiency of well control training and achieves better training effect, thus reducing the probability of well control accidents in actual production process and ensuring safe and reliable well control production.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.9;TE28

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